Relative ADC measurement for liver fibrosis diagnosis in chronic hepatitis B using spleen/renal cortex as the reference organs at 3 T.

AIM: To evaluate whether the relative apparent diffusion coefficient (rADC) can help determine the stage of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) by using the spleen and renal cortex as reference organs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-seven chronic HBV patients and nine patients with focal hepatic lesions, but normal hepatic function, underwent 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with b values of 0, 200, 600, and 800 s/mm(2). Liver ADC and rADC (S-rADC and R-rADC, defined as the ratio of liver ADC to spleen and renal cortex ADC, respectively) were measured and compared by using METAVIR liver fibrosis scores. All statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: The mean liver ADC and the two rADC decreased with rising fibrosis scores at all b values (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). The R-rADC at b = 600 s/mm(2) was most strongly correlated to the fibrosis scores (r = -0.697; p < 0.001), and was among the best predictors in estimating fibrosis stages ≥ F2 (AUC = 0.885 versus 0.701-0.866), ≥ F3 (0.806 versus 0.617-0.808), and =F4 (0.884 versus 0.683-0.835). The ability of S-rADC to predict stage ≥ F2/≥ F3 and =F4 showed no advantage to the liver ADC value at b = 600 and 800 s/mm(2) (AUC comparisons: all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Renal-cortex-referenced ADC measurement at 3 T DWI using a median b-value of 600 s/mm(2) might be more accurate to predict hepatic fibrosis than referencing the spleen.

Excretion measurement of porphyrins and their precursors after topical administration of 5-aminolaevulinic acid for fluorescence endoscopy in head and neck cancer.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is a useful agent to enhance the detection of early epithelial lesions in head and neck cancers. It is applied either topically or systemically and converted intracellular into photosensitive protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). By ultraviolet light illumination malignant and fast proliferating lesions are detected by a characteristic red fluorescence and delineated by the bluish fluorescence of healthy tissue. To assess the elimination patterns 5-ALA, porphobilinogen (PBG) and porphyrin were measured 12h and 36h after administration in urine, 12h and 24h after examination in blood and in feces 12h after endoscopy. 5-ALA was applied either by inhalation (250 mg) or mouth rinse (200 mg). After both administration routes, excretion levels in urine returned to background levels within 12 hours after administration and only in feces values are slightly increased for PpIX and total porphyrin. Concentrations in erythrocytes were elevated, but not in plasma. No side effects were observed. According to our results the topical administration of 5-ALA is a useful method with satisfying fluorescence imaging results. Levels of metabolites in urine and plasma return to normal within 12 hours so that skin photosensitization can be neglected.