RESUMO
The degree of biologic concordance between bipolar affective disorder and cyclothymia was assessed within a 3-hour protocol of cortisol functioning. Cyclothymic subjects, selected by the General Behavior Inventory, showed cortisol hypersecretion approaching that of subjects with major affective disorders; they also showed poor modulation of cortisol levels over time, the degree of which was related to increased current level of depression and to a chronic, intermittent depressive course. These results not only support the validity of the General Behavior Inventory but also suggest that cyclothymic subjects with a chronic depressive course may experience persistent biologic disturbance similar to that found during episodes of major depression.
Assuntos
Transtorno Bipolar/sangue , Transtorno Ciclotímico/sangue , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Transtornos do Humor/sangue , Inventário de Personalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Transtorno Bipolar/psicologia , Transtorno Ciclotímico/diagnóstico , Transtorno Ciclotímico/psicologia , Dexametasona , Feminino , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Masculino , Matemática , Resolução de Problemas , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , RiscoRESUMO
Permeability of nicotine across the oral mucosa had been shown to be a direct linear function of alkalinity in the oral cavity. Here, oral pH in cigarette smokers was manipulated from pH 5 to 8 by rinses with Sorenson's and McIlvaine's buffers. As a alkalinity increased, cigarette taste was perceived as stronger, more bitter, and, in some cases, more upleasant; and heart-rate accelerated slightly. Nicotine self-administration and blood pressure were not influenced. Differential absorption of nicotine and cross-adaptation of sour to bitter taste are both discussed as explanations for the results.