[The second victim phenomenon-What personnel in anesthesiology should know about it]. / Das Second-Victim-Phänomen ­ Was anästhesiologisches Fachpersonal darüber wissen sollte.

Adverse events can occur at any time during medical treatment of patients. These adverse events not only negatively impact patients but also the medical personnel involved. The impairment of medical personnel after an adverse event is known as the second victim phenomenon (SVP). Although the concept of second victims is relatively unknown, the chances to become a second victim during the course of one's professional carrier are high. Effective measures to support second victims are peer support programs within medical institutions, which also benefit economically from the implementation of these programs. Supporting second victims is also beneficial to future patients and finally healthcare systems as a whole.

Promoting abnormal grain growth in Fe-based shape memory alloys through compositional adjustments.

Iron-based shape memory alloys are promising candidates for large-scale structural applications due to their cost efficiency and the possibility of using conventional processing routes from the steel industry. However, recently developed alloy systems like Fe-Mn-Al-Ni suffer from low recoverability if the grains do not completely cover the sample cross-section. To overcome this issue, here we show that small amounts of titanium added to Fe-Mn-Al-Ni significantly enhance abnormal grain growth due to a considerable refinement of the subgrain sizes, whereas small amounts of chromium lead to a strong inhibition of abnormal grain growth. By tailoring and promoting abnormal grain growth it is possible to obtain very large single crystalline bars. We expect that the findings of the present study regarding the elementary mechanisms of abnormal grain growth and the role of chemical composition can be applied to tailor other alloy systems with similar microstructural features.

Galactic-cosmic-ray-produced 3He in a ferromanganese crust: any supernova 60Fe excess on earth?

An excess of 60Fe in 2.4-3.2 x 10(6) year old ferromanganese crust (237 KD) from the deep Pacific Ocean has been considered as evidence for the delivery of debris from a nearby supernova explosion to Earth. Extremely high ;{3}He/;{4}He (up to 6.12 x 10(-3)) and 3He concentrations (up to 8 x 10(9) atoms/g) measured in 237 KD cannot be supernova-derived. The helium is produced by galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and delivered in micrometeorites that have survived atmospheric entry to be trapped by the crust. 60Fe is produced by GCR reactions on Ni in extraterrestrial material. The maximum (3)He/(60)Fe of 237 KD (80-850) is comparable to the GCR (3)He/(60)Fe production ratio (400-500) predicted for Ni-bearing minerals in iron meteorites. The excess 60Fe can be plausibly explained by the presence of micrometeorites trapped by the crust, rather than injection from a supernova source.

[Calcium-oxygen modified amorphous and nanocrystalline carbon layers as biomaterials]. / Kalzium-Sauerstoff-modifizierte amorphe und nanokristalline Kohlenstoffschichten als Biomaterial.

Undoped and Ca-O-modified diamond-like carbon coatings were deposited by a direct current discharge. Hardness and Young's modulus of Ca-O-modified DLCs were reduced in comparison with the undoped DLC, but the adherence of the Ca-O-modified films is improved. Ca-O-modified DLCs have a higher fraction of nano-crystalline regions with carbon in sp2 hybridisation. In addition, an increased oxygen content and CaCO3 was identified in Ca-O-modified DLCs. While mouse fibroblasts of the type L929 attach and grow on unmodified diamond-like carbon coatings synthesized by the decomposition of hydrocarbon, the addition of CaO-H2O into the precursor gas improves the coatings biological acceptance by the cells.

Nano- and microstructure of short fibre reinforced and unreinforced hydroxyaptite.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) and alumina short fibre reinforced hydroxyapatite (Al2O3/HA) were processed by uniaxial pressing of green bodies with 200 MPa and sintering in air for 4 hours at 1150 degrees C, 1175 degrees C and 1200 degrees C. The phase composition of the materials were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Results were supported by X-ray diffraction. Amorphous calcium phosphate could be found either as islands in unreinforced HA or at the grain boundaries in the Al2O3/HA composite. The reinforced calcium phosphate contains an enhanced amount of decomposition products like tetracalcium phosphate.

Investigation of interfacial interaction between uncoated and coated carbon fibres and the magnesium alloy AZ91.

Unidirectionally reinforced metal-matrix composites with a fibre volume content between 63 and 68% were processed by squeeze casting using T800 H carbon fibres and the magnesium alloy AZ91. The surface of the fibres was prepared by thermal desizing of the fibres or by deposition of a pyrolytic carbon (pyC) coating. Different interfacial conditions could be identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the single-fibre push-in test. TEM confirmed the formation of needle-like phases at the fibre surface or, for coated fibres, within the pyrolytic carbon coating. During loading by the Vickers type indenter an intense response was observed for composites of coated fibres and the magnesium alloy. This could by caused by stick-slip effects within the pyrolytic carbon coating.

[The metabolism of bonnecor]. / Metabolizm bonnekora.

Bonnecor metabolism in the rat urine was studied. The main metabolites of bonnecor were identified by means of chromatography-mass-spectrometry.

[The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of bonnecor in rats]. / Farmakokinetika i metabolizm bonnekora u krys.

The pharmacokinetics of 14C-bonnecor after intravenous and oral administration was studied. The bioavailability was 70%. It was shown that administration of doses in the range of from 3 to 43 mg/kg as well as the repeated use of bonnecor failed to influence the pharmacokinetic parameters.