Physiological Support of Goal-Directed Activity in Human.

The effectiveness of goal-directed human behavior and the processes underlying organization of such activity are the subjects of various biomedical studies. Here we review both classical and modern evidence on the fundamental principles of goal-directed human activity. Facts are presented about the basic mechanisms that ensure the effectiveness of goal-directed behavior and determine its physiological cost.

Correlation Connections between Individual-and-Typological Features, Indices of Performance of Goal-Directed Activity, and Heart Rate Variability Parameters.

Correlation analysis of the performance of goal-directed activity and heart rate variability parameters in people with different individually-typological features was conducted on the model of endosurgical training. It was found that people with low level of intro-extroversion and neuroticism, but high index of situational anxiety were more successful during goal-directed behavior. The subjects with low level of neuroticism finished the tasks more quickly, both at the beginning and at the end of the observations. It was established that the number of mistakes in subjects with low personal anxiety on the 10th day of training was lower than in high-anxious individuals. It is shown that people with high rate of intro-extroversion are characterized by more pronounced increase in parasympathetic influences during basic endosurgical training. Hence, the achievement of the result in extroverts in these experimental conditions is provided by lower physiological penalty than in introverts. The definition of psychophysiological indices could be recommended for inclusion in the complex of measures for the assessment of proficiency in the training of endosurgeons.

[Clinico-morphological substantations of parenchyma-preserving operations performance in surgery of chronic pancreatitis].

There was presented a comparative analysis of the surgical treatment results of 86 patients, suffering chronic pancreatitis, in whom resection and parenchyma-preserving elaborated operations were done, aimed for pancreatic and biliary ducts hypertension elimination. According to histological and histochemical data obtained, there are uniform changes, localized in pancreatic head, corpus and tail: the extended periductal fibrosis with the immune-cell infiltration foci and periductal connective tissue sheath formation. According to the immunohistochemical data obtained, in a fibrous zone there was obtained a big quantity of activated alpha-SMA-positive collagen producing star-like cells and a significant expression of a type IV collagen. Indications for surgical treatment, using parenchyma-preserving procedures, were substantiated, taking into account morphological and clinical data present. The patients quality of life in a late follow-up period (5 years) after performance of a proposed operative procedure (the main group), according to all scales of international questionnaires MOS SF-36 applied, were trustworthy better (P < 0.05), than after resection procedures (control group).

[Gas chromatographic techniques in the sanitary-and-epidemiological assessment of toys].

The present paper reviews the guidelines that have been developed and approved according to the established procedure for gas chromatographic analysis of volatile compounds from different classes, as well as phthalates contained in test chamber air and aqueous extracts. These guidelines contain various techniques and procedures for isolating, concentrating, and separating the substances to be detected using capillary columns having a large diameter. The potentials of statistical and dynamic vapor-phase analyses of aqueous extracts and absorption apparatus water after air sampling, as well as liquid extraction that is used to determine phthalates are applied.

[Treatment and rehabilitation measures concerning degenerative dystrophic changes of the cervical spine in elderly patients]. / Lechebno-reabilitatsionnye meropriiatiia pri degenerativno-distroficheskykh izmeneniiakh v sheinom otdele pozvonochnika u bol'nykh pozhilogo vozrasta.

The results of treatment 300 elderly aged patients with cervical spine syndromes enabled us to develop the most effective treatment-and-rehabilitation programs with manual therapy involved, determine stages of the therapy course of such patients. The results of the complex treatment were better in comparison with the traditional treatment mainly based on pharmacotherapy. That allows us to recommend it to wide clinical use as the treatment agreeable to the modern standards.

[Duodenoplasty in combination with segmentary resection of gastric corpus in preservation of innervated pyloric-antral segment in patients with decompensated duodenal stenosis of the ulcer origin]. / Duodenoplastika v sochetanii s segmentarnoi rezektsiei tela zheludka pri sokhranenii innervirovannogo piloroantral'nogo otdela u bol'nykh s dekompensirovannym stenozom dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki iazvennogo geneza.

A new method of surgical treatment of decompensated duodenal stenosis, consisting of duodenoplasty with duodenal ulcer excision, segmentary resection of gastric corpus with preservation of pyloroantral portion and formation of fundocorporoantrumanastomosis on the whole opening, was presented. In 24 patients in late follow-up terms after the operation the rhythmical, portional evacuation of gastric content was observed, the ulcer recurrency was not noted.

[The use of duodenoplasty an selective proximal vagotomy in surgical treatment of duodenal ulcers]. / Primenenie duodenoplastiki i selektivnoi proksimal'noi vogotomii v khirurgicheskom lechenii iazvennoi bolezni dvenadtsatiperstnoi kishki.

In 42 patients with complicated duodenal ulcer disease after application of duodenoplasty and selective proximal vagotomy in a planned character an ulcer was not noted, good pyloric function was observed as well as a la carte, rhythmical and timely gastric emptying during (26 +/- 1) min on average.

[Manual therapy of patients with lumbar osteochondrosis with neurologic syndromes]. / O manual'noi terapii bol'nykh poiasnichnym osteokhondrozom s nevrologicheskimi sindromami.

Manual therapy without any additional therapeutic means was given to 325 patients with reflex syndromes of lumbar osteochondritis in an acute stage or in the stage of exacerbation of recurrent osteochondritis. A series of 454 patients in the stationary stage of exacerbation of the disease with a chronic recurrent course received a multiple modality treatment including manual therapy. Efficacy of the treatment in both groups of the patients considerably exceeded that in patients treated with the conventional (medicamentous and physiotherapeutic) methods. A considerable economic effect was achieved as a result of reducing the period of treatment and cutting down on drugs in a substantial part of the patients.