[Dioxins in the environment and in the blood and breast milk of residents of the town of Chapayevsk]. / Dioksiny v okruzhaiushchei srede, v krovi i grudnom moloke zhitelei goroda Chapaevska.

Chapayevsk has a 30-year history of producing organochlorines, leading to environmental dioxin pollution. As much as 3 kg of these substances are annually formed at the plant. The concentrations of dioxins in the ambient air were found to be 0.001 to 1.13 pg/m3, in 1-TEF dioxin equivalent or 0.00001-1.76 pg/m3, as calculated by using WHO-TEF for dioxin-like compounds, those in the urban drinking water were 0.1 to 20.83 pg/liter, in the soil near the plant, 141 ng TEQ/kg, by decreasing to 37 ng/kg in the downtown (2-7 km from the plant) and 4 ng/kg at a distance of 7-10 km from the plant, their levels in the vegetables and fruits were 0.002 to 10.6 pg/kg. The direct indicator of dioxin exposure is its detection in human breast milk and blood. Examination of the content of dioxins in the breast milk of Chapayevsk women versus those living in other towns and cities of Russia has shown considerably higher levels of dioxins, such as 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PCDD, 1,2,3,4,7,8-GCDD, and octa-dioxins. The mean content of dioxins in the breast milk (7 pooled samples from 40 individual trials) was 43.3 pgTEQ/fat. It is significantly higher than that detected in the populations of other Russian territories and other countries. The mean blood concentrations of dioxins in peoples living near the plant was 75.2 pgTEQ/fat, those were lower (24.5 pgTEQ/fat) in those living at 5-7 km of the plant.

[Organic pollution of water and soil in the Khramtsovsky's state farm of the Sverdlovsk region]. / Organicheskie zagriazneniia vody vodoëmov i pochvy sovkhoza "Khramtsovskii" Sverdlovskoi oblasti.

Sanitary and chemical examination of soil and water was carried out in State farm "Khramtsovskiy" (Beloyarsk region, Sverdlovsk province), where intoxication cases during outcropping were detected by chromatomass analysis of organic pollution. Local pesticide levels exceeding the MACs as a potential health hazard were noted.

[Antibiotics of an aromatic nature from Pseudomonas cepacia]. / Antibiotiki aromaticheskoi prirody iz Pseudomonas cepacia.

A raw antibiotic has been isolated from culture fluid of strain Pseudomonas cepacia 5798. It was methylated and separated into individual components using the column and thin-layer chromatography. The isolated substances possessed antimicrobial activity; two of them were studied more in detail by the UV-, IR- and PMR-spectroscopy methods. Results of the study of physicochemical properties of methyl derivatives of antibiotics from P. cepacia permit supposing that the latter are aromatic substances with nitrogen atoms in the side chain.

[Study of patulin by NMR and mass spectroscopy]. / Izuchenie patulina metodami IaMR i mass-spektroskopii.

Patulin was studied by NMR and mass spectrometry. On the basis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectral analysis and experiments on double homo-(1H NMR) and heteronuclear (13C NMR) resonances complete assigning of the proton and carbon signals was achieved. Patulin was studied mass spectrometrically with using high performance mass spectrometry and the DADI technique. It was shown that formation of the [M--C2H4O]+ ion was due to rearrangement of the molecular ion (M+).

[Structure of galtamycin]. / Stroenie galtamitsina.

Structure of galtamycin, a novel anthracycline antibiotic was assessed with 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy. Galtamycin includes an unusual aglycone i.e. galtamycinone containing the C-glycoside bond and glycosylated with trisaccharide consisting of two fragments of L-rodinose and one fragment of D-olivose.

[Structure of the reaction adduct of xanthothricin with acetone]. / Stroenie addukta reaktsii ksantotritsina s atsetonom.

Reaction of xanthothricin demethylation by amines in acetone as a solvent yielded a new compound with a formula of C10H13N5O3. Mass spectrometry, 1H NMR-spectroscopy and x-ray analysis showed that the compound was 4H-1,6-dimethyl-4a(2-oxopropyl)-pyrimido-[5,4-e]-1 ,2,4-triazine-5,7-dione.

[Metabolism of an antioxidant of the 3-hydroxypyridine class]. / Metabolizm antioksidanta iz klassa 3-oksipiridina.

Study of biotransformation of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (2E6M3O) in rats by using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry resulted in isolation and identification of its 5 metabolites represented by dealkylated and conjugated products of transformation. In terms of manifestation of the pharmacological effect of 2E3M3O, of interest may be the identified metabolite 2E6M3O-phosphate which was found in considerable amounts in the livers of the animals. All the rest metabolites were detected only in the rat urine.

[Kafamycin--a new pyrrol ether antibiotic]. / Kafamitsin--novyi pirroléfirnyi antibiotik.

Cafamycin is a novel polyether antibiotic active against gram-positive bacteria. It was isolated from the culture fluid of Streptomyces sp., an organism producing the anthracycline antibiotic galtamycin. The structure of cafamycin was assessed by spectral analysis: UV, PMR, mass spectroscopy and CD. Physico-chemical and biological properties of the antibiotic are described. Cafamycin was shown to be an analog of indanomycin (X-14547A), a pyrrol ether antibiotic.

[Mass spectrophotometric study of the antibiotic granaticin]. / Mass-spektrometricheskoe izuchenie antibiotika granatitsina.

A culture of Streptomyces sp. producing a substance with antibacterial and antitumor activity was isolated from a soil sample collected in the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Province. By its UV, NMR and mass spectra the antibiotic was identified as granaticin. Mass spectral disintegration of granaticin was studied in detail: mass spectra of electron impulse (including that of high performance), field desorption, chemical ionization of positive and negative ions. Correlation relationship between directions of fragmentation of the molecular and basic moiety ions and fragments of the antibiotic structure was derived. Specific peaks of the ions providing mass spectrometric identification of the antibiotic in various natural mixtures were detected.

[The antibiotic galtamycin. The structure of galtamycinone]. / Antibiotik galtamitsin. Stroenie galtamitsinona.

The structure of galtamycinone, a chromophore moiety of galtamycin, a new antitumor antibiotic was determined by spectral analysis, i.e. UV, NMR and mass spectrometry. Galtamycinone was shown to be 1,4,6-trioxy-10 [4 (e), 5 (e)-dioxy-6 (e)-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2(e)-yl]-8-methyl tetracendion-5,12. It represents a new type of anthracycline chromophores containing a C-glycoside bond in its molecule.

[Process of sodium fusidate inactivation as affected by oxygen and humidity]. / Izuchenie protsessa inaktivatsii fuzidata natriia pod vliianiem kisloroda i vlagi.

The effect of oxygen and moisture on stability of sodium fusidate was studied. It was shown that inactivation of the antibiotic in the atmosphere of oxygen was due to its oxidation in the preparations with low humidity levels. In the preparations with high humidity levels, the main cause of the antibiotic inactivation was hydrolysis with respect to C-16-O-acetyl group. When sodium fusidate was air stored, the salts of 24, 25-dioxy-and 24, 25-dioxy-11-monoketofusidic acids were identified among the products of its inactivation. The salts of 24,25-dioxy-11-monoketofusidic acid were also prepared by oxidation of fusidic acid with potassium permanganate in a weak alkaline medium. The possibility of using sodium sulfite and metabisulfite as stabilizers for th antibiotic storage was shown.