[SPECT/CT radiation in treatment of bone metastases of osteosarcoma].

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the diagnostic ca- pabilities to control effects of radiotherapy treatment in patient with osteosarcoma bone metastases by SPECT-CT method. There was conducted SPECT/CT treatment monitoring of the patient with bone metastases of osteosarcoma after external radiotherapy and cyber knife. There were detected changes in the SPECT/CT-pictures of treated bones osteosarcoma metasta- ses. The SPECT/CT has proven as a reliable method of dynam- ic control at radiotherapy. Treatment effect all of these methods was to reduce or to get absent accumulation of bone-tropic radiopharmaceutical labeled with 99mTc-technetium. SPECT/ CT study was a demonstrative method for early determination of pathological metabolism degree in bone metastases of os- teosarcoma. SPECT/CT was an effective method of treatment monitoring of bone metastases after radiotherapy.

NEW DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING.

Objective: to improve breast cancer diagnosis using an independent mammographic teleassessment by two radiologists. Material and methods. The results of a dual independent assessment of 3440 X-ray mammographic examinations were analyzed. The first assessment was made by a radiologist from a therapeutic-and-prophylactic establishment who had less than one year of practical experience in a mammography screening room. The second assessment was carried out by a radiologist with more than 5 years of experience from a specialized cancer institution. Results. According to the developed specialized interpretation software, recommendations and statistics for mammographic breast cancer screening, the investigators identified a group of 31 women who were recommended to be additionally examined at an oncology dispensary to verify the diagnosis of breast cancer. Eight of 17 (47%) women with morphologically confirmed cancers after dual assessments of X-ray mammographs were called again and referred to the oncology dispensary. Conclusion. Dual independent assessment of X-ray mammographs improved the diagnosis of BC with a maximum size of 1.5 cm or less, as well as that of malignant tumors manifesting as microcalcifications or imitating a benign process.

[Velcade in multiple myeloma].

AIM: To study efficacy of velcade therapy in patients with progressive or refractory multiple myeloma (MM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: From April 2005 to November 2006 velcade was used in therapy of 18 patients (11 females and 7 males) with progressive or refractory to prior standard therapy MM course. The patients' age median was 55 years (36 to 76 years). Velcade was injected intravenously on the course days 1, 4, 8 and 11 with interval 10 days between the courses. A total of 77 courses were made (median 4.5). RESULTS: Overall efficacy was assessed according to EBMT criteria in 16 (68%) patients. Partial remission (PR) was achieved in 9 patients, complete remission (CR)--in 1, minimal response (MR)--in 1 patient. Five patients failed the treatment. In 5 of 11 patients with confirmed efficacy of velcade the drug was used in induction of remission before high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and autotransplantation of hemopoietic stem cells (HSC), in 3--as monotherapy, in 1--in combination with high-dose dexamethasone, in--with high dose dexamethasone and doxorubicin. Four patients achieved PR, one--MR. HSC were obtained before velcade therapy in one patient, in 4--after its conduction. After HDC there were one CR and 4 PR. Recovery of hemopoiesis after HDC took the same time as after standard induction therapy. In 6 of 11 patients HDC was not performed. Velcade therapy is continued in 2 patients, in 1 case with CR the treatment was stopped. In 3 cases PR for 2 to 6 months was followed by the disease progression. CONCLUSION: Velcade as a new effective antitumor drug can be used for treatment of progressive and refractory forms of MM.

[The role of clinical and imaging criteria in risk assessment during preoperative chemotherapy for osteosarcoma].

Prognosis for stage IIB osteosarcoma was evaluated versus the role of preoperative management of clinico-radiologic status in 293 patients. Three--five preoperative intra-arterial cycles of doxorubicin 90mg/m2 or cisplatin 120mg/m2 were given in 1986-1999, and later were followed by 3-4 cycles of doxorubicin and cisplatin in similar doses. Clinico-radiologic status was assessed in the course of preoperative chemotherapy. One hundred fifty patients were alive at the last examination, 139 had died of tumor progression, and 4 - chemotherapy complication. The two courses of preoperative chemotherapy were followed by more favorable outcome. Complete clinical response, tumors downsized to 300 mm, intra-osseous healing, periosteal assimilation and margination of extra-osseous masses had a significant positive impact on disease-free survival in the chemotherapy group. The data were used for the developing of models for individual risk evaluation and prognosis. Clinico-radiologic status monitoring in the course of preoperative chemotherapy is instrumental in predicting risks as well as designing alternative strategies of treatment at earlier stages.

[Strontium-89 diagnosis and therapy of bone metastases]. / Radionuklidnaia diagnostika i radionuklidnaia terapiia 89-Sr metastazov v kosti.

A clinical test of strontium-89 chloride effect was carried out in 150 patients with bone metastases and bone pain from different patterns of tumor. Different types of bone lesions were considered. Pain-relieving effect was reported in 77%, irrespective of lesion gravity. There was no response to strontium-89 chloride in 150 patients with bone metastases. It mostly occurred in cases of lysis. Strontium-89 chloride therapy contributed to partial bone tissue repair. It is indicated as a component of complex treatment for bone metastases.

[Cranial bone neoplasm in early triassic amphibia]. / Novoobrazovanie pokrovnykh kostei chereepa rannetriasovoi amfibii.

A neoplasm in cranial bone of an early Triassic amphibian has been investigated. Although no tissue has survived, the cranial flat bone is similar to that in living animals of the same class. Evidence is presented in support of a hypothesis that the neoplasm is a skeletal tumor which consists of non-functional bone and looks like an atypical tumorous bone of skeletal origin. It was identified as a parostotic osteosarcoma on the basis of macro- and microscopic and X-ray examination.

[Radiation diagnosis of malignant neoplasms at the current stage]. / Luchevaia diagnostika zlokachestvennykh opukholei na sovremennom étape.

The paper presents all currently available oncological radiation diagnostic tools as compared to the well-known ones. It discusses different methods of obtaining images depending on their physical features: digital plain radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, bone scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, radioimmunoassay, ultrasonography (by using Doppler, intraoperative ultrasound, laparoscopy and thoracoscopy ultrasound, endoscopy ultrasound, contrast-medium ultrasound). The feasibilities of interventional radiology in malignancies are more precisely defined. There are prospects for developing different radiology techniques with the advent of high-performance computer technologies that make it possible to set up a digital radiology unit. The developed PACS system of data reception, keeping, and transmission will accumulate and keep images during unlimited time, transmit them at any distances, process them in different 3 ways, modify and improve, make paper and film hard disks at any time.

[Clinical course, diagnosis and therapy of Ewing's sarcoma of the ribs in children]. / Klinika, diagnostika i lechenie sarkomy Iuinga reber u detei.

X-ray examination is considered to be the most effective procedure for diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma of the rib. The extent of surgery and sequence of procedures are determined on the basis of its evidence. Treatment of infantile Ewing's sarcoma of the rib should include chemoradiation therapy and compulsory surgery.