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1.
J. health med. sci. (Print) ; 9(3): 37-49, jul.2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1523961

RESUMO

RESUMEN Los Niveles de Referencia para Diagnóstico (NRD) son una herramienta dinámica que gana cada vez una mayor importancia para la optimización de las exposiciones médicas. La disponibilidad de información científica es esencial en este proceso de optimización para Medicina Nuclear (MN) y Radiología Diagnóstica (RD). Este trabajo presenta un estudio de la disponibilidad de información sobre los NRD para MN y RD en la base PubMed, en los últimos 20 años, empleando diferentes palabras clave. Se analizó de forma crítica la información disponible, buscando los cambios principales que se han producido como tendencia en diferentes aspectos del establecimiento de los NRD. Se verificó un desbalance significativo en la disponibilidad de literatura científica en estas dos áreas, aunque se ha incrementado la información para equipos híbridos y de forma general para todas las tecnologías. Este desbalance se hace mayor para estudios de medicina nuclear en pediatría. Se observaron avances en la forma de recolectar datos, la manera de organizar la información y analizarla, en especial con la disponibilidad de sistemas de monitoreo de dosis. Se encontró que, en los estudios TC e intervencionismo, las agrupaciones por localización anatómica están siendo acotadas o restringidas, por indicaciones clínicas que tienen similitudes en los requisitos de calidad de imagen para el diagnóstico adecuado. Similarmente en MN se vislumbra la incorporación de la actividad por peso como NRD en las tecnologías híbridas y estudios pediátricos. Este estudio demuestra que, en general, la literatura científica disponible sobre los NRD es mucho más amplia para pacientes adultos. Se requiere más estudios pediátricos, especialmente en el área de MN


ABSTRACT Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are a dynamic tool that is gaining more and more importance for the optimization of medical exposures. The availability of scientific information is essential in this optimization process for Nuclear Medicine (NM) and Diagnostic Radiology (DR). This work presents a revision of the information's availability about DRL in the PubMed database, in the last 20 years, using different search combinations. The available information was critically analyzed, looking for the main changes that have occurred as a trend in different aspects of the establishment of the NRD. A significant disparity in the amount of information between the two areas on the subject was verified, although there has been an increase of available scientific papers for hybrid equipment, and in general for all technologies. The disparity becomes greater for NM studies in pediatrics population. The way to collect data, the mode to organize the information and analyze it, has also undergone changes, mainly with radiation dose management systems. In CT and interventional studies, the grouping by anatomical locations is being constrained or modulated by clinical indications with analogous image quality requirements for proper diagnosis. Something similar happens in MN, where the incorporation of activity/patient's weight is envisioned as NRD for hybrid technologies and pediatric studies. In general, the study showed that, the scientific paper's availability about DRL for adult population are much wider. More pediatric studies on these subjects are needed, especially in NM


Assuntos
Humanos , Doses de Radiação , Níveis de Referência de Diagnóstico , Medicina Nuclear
2.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 155(1): 73-80, 2013 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23235799

RESUMO

This paper aims to evaluate the radiation dose exposure of patients submitted to cardiac computed tomography angiography. The effective dose was obtained from the product of dose-length product values and the conversion factor established in the European Working Group for Guidelines on Quality Criteria in CT. The image noise and contrast- and signal-to-noise ratios were obtained for all images. Sixty-four- and 256-slice CT angiographies were used in 211 (68.5 %) and 97 (31.5 %) patients, respectively. The calculated mean effective dose with prospective CT angiography was 6.0±1.0 mSv and the retrospective mode was 8.4±1.2 mSv. The mean image noise values were 38.5±9.5 and 21.4 ± 5.3 for prospective and retrospective modes, respectively. It was observed that the image noise increased by 44.4 % using a prospective mode. Prospective CT angiography reduces radiation dose by ∼29 % compared with the retrospective mode, while maintaining diagnostic image quality and the ability to assess obstructions in patients.


Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Intensificação de Imagem Radiográfica/métodos , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Automação , Cálcio/metabolismo , Técnicas de Imagem de Sincronização Cardíaca , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Doses de Radiação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Razão Sinal-Ruído
3.
Radiat Prot Dosimetry ; 133(3): 136-43, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19287013

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to evaluate the distribution of the entrance surface air kerma (ESAK) and the average glandular dose (D(G)) in four mammography facilities located in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The ESAK values were estimated from the X-ray tube output rate (mGy/mAs) parameters. The image quality was evaluated by the radiologists in each clinic. The ESAK values obtained for a breast thickness of 45 mm were 5.58 mGy in Clinic A, 10.07 mGy in Clinic B, 13.89 mGy in Clinic C and 7.21 mGy in Clinic D. For D(G), it can be seen that, for the same compressed breast thickness (50 mm), the value varied from 0.20 to 3.60 mGy, with a mean value of 1.50 mGy for all the clinics. In image quality evaluation, Clinic D was the only one that presented a very low acceptability for quality criteria and inadequacies in relation to specks, masses and optical density.


Assuntos
Algoritmos , Mamografia/métodos , Modelos Biológicos , Interpretação de Imagem Radiográfica Assistida por Computador/métodos , Ar , Brasil , Simulação por Computador , Doses de Radiação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
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