Strabismus in hydrocephalus patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of strabismus in patients with hydrocephalus. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients with strabismus and hydrocephalus is performed in the Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology between 2012 and 2018. RESULTS: Seventeen patients between the ages of 6 months and 13 years met the criteria of strabismus and hydrocephalus. Although all had developmental delay, five patients out of 17 were premature (lower than 36 weeks of gestation). All patients had ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for congenital hydrocephalus. Three patients had exotropia, whereas 14 had esotropia. Glasses were prescribed to 13 patients: hyperopic correction in 12 and myopic correction in one patient. Surgical correction with bimedial recession was performed in five patients. Four of them achieved successful ocular alignment. CONCLUSIONS: Children with hydrocephalus most likely have esotropia. Although good ocular alignment is achieved with surgical correction in some patients, some patients may benefit from glasses.

Evaluation of Choroidal Thickness in Non-arteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy at the Acute and Chronic Stages.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the measurements of choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) at the acute and chronic stages. This case-control study compares three groups: Group 1 included 23 eyes of 23 patients with chronic NAION, Group 2 consisted of 24 eyes of 24 patients with acute NAION, and Group 3 included 24 eyes of 24 age-matched control subjects. The average CTs for Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 were 261.24 ± 50.04, 280.05 ± 74.94, and 254.74 ± 50.11 µm, respectively. For all measurements, no statistical significance was found between the groups (p = 0.319, 0.357, 0.680, and 0.178 for the CTs as average, foveal, superior, and inferior, respectively). Similarly, there was no difference between the CT measurements of the affected and unaffected eyes in Group 1 and Group 2 (p = 0.571, 0.741 for average, respectively). The amount of time after the onset of the disease ranged from 6.0 to 48 months (23.86 ± 16.70 months) in Group 1 and from 1 to 30 days (7.45 ± 8.86 days) in Group 2. There was no correlation between the CTs and follow-up times in Group 1 (p = 0.768 for average) and no association between the CTs and the thicknesses of the retinal nerve fibre layers in Group 2 (p = 0.453 for average). CT is not directly influenced by NAION at either the acute or the chronic stage of the disease. These results may also demonstrate that the changes of CT do not increase the risk of experiencing a NAION attack.

Topiramate-Induced Changes in Anterior Chamber Angle and Choroidal Thickness.

PURPOSE: To investigate the acute effects of topiramate on the anterior chamber angle (ACA) and choroidal thickness in patients with migraine. METHODS: This prospective study included 15 eyes of 15 patients with migraine who have been scheduled to start topiramate therapy. All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination including measurement of the ACA and choroidal thickness using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography device (Optovue Inc.) and refractive status evaluation with an autorefractokeratometer (KR-8100; Topcon) at the baseline and 1 week after starting therapy. The patients were asked to report any pain or discomfort in their eyes during therapy at the follow-up visit. RESULTS: None of the patients experienced pain or discomfort in their eyes. The mean ACA significantly decreased at the first week of the therapy compared with the baseline levels (40.34±7.06° and 36.89±6.87°, respectively) (P=0.001). However, the mean choroidal thickness increased from 277.33±95.60 µm at the baseline to 323.40±84.50 µm at the first week (P=0.01). There was a nonsignificant increase in the mean refractive error (from -0.25±0.54 diopter [D] at the baseline to -0.38±0.49 D after 1 week) (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Topiramate can acutely decrease the ACA and increase the choroidal thickness. Because these effects may be asymptomatic, patients with migraine who start this therapy should be warned to be closely followed up by an ophthalmologist.

Postoperative fungal endophthalmitis caused by Trichosporon asahii treated with voriconazole.

Postoperative fungal endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating complication of cataract surgery. Vitrectomy and intravitreal amphotericin B injection as well as administration of systemic antifungal agents have been suggested as optimal treatments for fungal endophthalmitis. However, this therapy may fail to eliminate fungal species resistant to current antifungal agents. The saprophytic fungus Trichosporon asahii is frequently observed as a cause of endogenous endophthalmitis in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by T. asahii, resistant to amphotericin B. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. asahii endophthalmitis successfully treated with intravitreal and systemic voriconazole, pars plana vitrectomy, and removal of the intraocular lens and entire lens capsule.

Postoperative fungal endophthalmitis caused by Trichosporon asahii treated with voriconazole / Endoftalmite fúngica pós-operatória causada por Trichosporon asahii tratada com voriconazol

ABSTRACTPostoperative fungal endophthalmitis is a rare but devastating complication of cataract surgery. Vitrectomy and intravitreal amphotericin B injection as well as administration of systemic antifungal agents have been suggested as optimal treatments for fungal endophthalmitis. However, this therapy may fail to eliminate fungal species resistant to current antifungal agents. The saprophytic fungus Trichosporon asahii is frequently observed as a cause of endogenous endophthalmitis in immunosuppressed patients. We report a case of postoperative endophthalmitis caused by T. asahii, resistant to amphotericin B. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. asahii endophthalmitis successfully treated with intravitreal and systemic voriconazole, pars plana vitrectomy, and removal of the intraocular lens and entire lens capsule.

RESUMOEndoftalmite fúngica pós-operatória é uma complicação rara mas devastadora da cirurgia de catarata. A vitrectomia e injeção intravítrea de anfotericina B, bem como agentes fungicidas sistêmicos, têm sido sugeridos como tratamentos ideais para endoftalmite fúngica. No entanto, esta terapia pode falhar em erradicar as espécies de fungos resistentes aos agentes antifúngicos atuais. Uma dessas espécies de fungos é o fungo saprófita,Trichosporon asahii, que é frequentemente observada, como causa de endoftalmite endógena, em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Relatamos um caso de endoftalmite pós-operatória causada porT. asahii que é resistente a anfotericina B. Ao nosso conhecimento, este é o primeiro relato de endoftalmite porT. asahii tratado com sucesso com voriconazol intravítreo e sistêmico, vitrectomia viapars plana, e remoção da lente intraocular e saco capsular.

Evaluation of choroidal thickness using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in patients with migraine: a comparative study.

PURPOSE: To assess choroidal thickness in patients with migraine and compare them with healthy controls, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, choroidal thicknesses of 20 newly diagnosed migraine patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were measured using a high-speed, high-resolution frequency domain (FD) OCT device (λ = 840 nm, 26.000 A-scans/s, 5 µm axial resolution). All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination before the measurements. OCT measurements were taken at the same time of day (9:00 AM), in order to minimize the effects of diurnal variation. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in median choroidal thickness between the migraine patients (277.00 [interquartile range (IQR) 85.75] µm) and controls (301.00 [IQR 90.50] µm) (p = 0.012). There were significant differences at all measurement points (p<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS: The decreased choroidal thickness of patients with migraine might be related to the vascular pathology of the disease. Further studies are needed to evaluate the etiopathologic relationship between choroidal thickness and migraine.

Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements using optical low-coherence reflectometry, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, and Scheimpflug camera / Comparação entre medidas de espessura central da córnea com reflectometria óptica de baixa coerência, tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio Fourier, e câmera Scheimpflug

Purpose: To compare the results of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained using optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), and a Scheimpflug camera (SC), combined with Placido corneal topography. Methods: A total of 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the present study, and one eye of each subject was included. A detailed ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases following CCT measurements with OLCR, FD-OCT, and SC. The results were compared using an ANOVA test. Bland-Altman analysis was used to demonstrate agreement between methods. Intra-examiner repeatability was assessed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the results of the CCT measurements obtained using the three different devices (p=0.009). Significant correlations were found between OLCR and FD-OCT (r=0.97; p<0.0001), FD-OCT and SC (r=0.91; p<0.0001), and OLCR and SC (r=0.95; p<0.0001). The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) obtained from Bland-Altman plots were from -7.2 μm to 28.7 μm for OLCR versus FD-OCT, from -19.2 μm to 30.4 μm for OLCR versus SC, and from -42.6 to 32.3 μm for FD-OCT versus SC. Intra-examiner repeatability was excellent for each method, with ICCs >0.98. Conclusion: Although the results of CCT measurements obtained from these three devices were highly correlated with one another and the mean differences between instruments were comparable with the reported diurnal CCT fluctuation, the measurements are not directly interchangeable in clinical practice because of the wide LOA values. .

Objetivo: Comparar os resultados de medições de espessura corneana central (CCT ) obtidos com reflectometria óptica de baixa coerência (OLCR), tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio Fourier (FD-OCT ), e uma câmera Scheimpflug (SC), combinada com topografia corneana de placido. Métodos: Um olho de cada de 25 indivíduos saudáveis foram incluídos neste estudo. Um exame oftalmológico detalhado foi realizado em todos os casos após as medidas de CCT com OLCR, FD-OCT, e SC. Os resultados foram comparados por meio do teste ANOVA. Análise de Bland-Altman foi utilizada para demonstrar concordância entre os métodos. A repetibilidade intra-examinador foi avaliada por meio de coeficientes de correlação intraclasse (ICCs). Resultados: Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os resultados das medidas de CCT obtidas a partir de três dispositivos diferentes (p=0,009). Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre OLCR e FD-OCT (r=0,97, p<0,0001), FD-OCT e SC (r=0,91, p<0,0001), e OLCR e SC (r=0,95; p<0,0001). Os limites de 95% de confiança (LOA) obtidos a partir de gráficos de Bland-Altman foram de -7,2 a 28,7 μm para OLCR contra FD-OCT, de -19,2 a 30,4 μm para OLCR contra SC, e de -42,6 a 32,3 μm para FD-OCT contra SC. A repetibilidade intra-examinador foi excelente para cada método com ICCs>0,98. Conclusões: Apesar de os resultados das medições CCT obtidos a partir destes três dispositivos terem sido altamente correlacionados entre si e as diferenças médias entre os instrumentos serem comparáveis à flutuação relatado da CCT diurna, as medições não são diretamente intercambiáveis na prática clínica em razão da largura dos valores limites de confiança. .

Orbital schwannomatosis in the absence of neurofibromatosis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe 3 cases of primary orbital schwannomatosis without associated systemic neurofibromatosis. METHODS: This is a retrospective interventional study of 3 patients who presented with multiple, distinct masses in the orbit (n = 3) as well as in the hemiface (n = 1). The clinical presentation, imaging features, surgical procedures, and outcomes were defined. RESULTS: Two women and a man presented with of exophthalmos and diplopia. Pain was the most prominent complaint in 2 patients. None of the patients had associated systemic neurofibromatosis by history or examination. Radiologic evaluation with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of orbit revealed multiple well-demarcated intraconal and extraconal masses. Masses were excised, and histopathology confirmed all masses to be schwannomas. Postoperative follow-up was uneventful with alleviation of primary complaints in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple orbital schwannomas (primary orbital schwannomatosis) may be observed in patients without systemic association of neurofibromatosis. Management includes surgical excision of the tumors to achieve relief from their mass effects.

Masson tumor in the eyelid.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (Masson tumor) is an uncommon vascular lesion that rarely affects the periorbital region. Differential diagnosis from some malignant periorbital tumors is challenging and depends mostly on histopathologic confirmation. We present a case with elevated, multilobular lower eyelid lesion that turned out to be intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia.

Does topical bevacizumab prevent postoperative recurrence after pterygium surgery with conjunctival autografting?

AIM: To assess the effect of topical bevacizumab use on postoperative pterygium recurrence in eyes who underwent pterygium excision with limbal-conjunctival autograft transplantation (LCAT). METHODS: Eighty-eight eyes of 88 patients with primary pterygium were included. Pterygia were graded preoperatively from type 1 to type 3 (type 1 atrophic, type 3 inflamed) according to the inflammatory status. The eyes were preoperatively randomized to receive topical steroid and antibiotic treatment (group 1, 46 eyes) and additional topical bevacizumab (5 mg/mL; group 2, 42 eyes) in the postoperative period. All eyes underwent pterygium excision and LCAT. Medications were tapered and discontinued at one month. Postoperative complications and recurrence rates were recorded. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 29.3±4.2mo (24-52mo) and 28.5±3.4 (24-48mo) in group 1 and 2, respectively (P>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences regarding the age or gender between groups (P>0.05). Also, the difference between groups with respect to pterygium type was not significant. During the follow-up period, recurrence developed in 2 eyes (4.3%) in group 1, whereas in one eye (2.4%) in group 2. No statistically significant difference between groups was found in recurrence rates (P>0.05). No re-operation for recurrence was necessary during the follow-up period in both groups. CONCLUSION: Topical bevacizumab seems to have no additonal effect on pterygium recurrence after LCAT.

Effect of religious fasting on tear osmolarity and ocular surface.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of religious fasting on tear secretion, tear osmolarity, corneal topography, and ocular aberrations. METHODS: This prospective controlled study comprised 29 eyes of 29 healthy men. Before ophthalmologic examination, all subjects underwent corneal topography by a placido disc corneal topography and aberrometry device (OPD Scan II). Tear osmolarity was measured using OcuSense TearLab osmometer. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores, tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test, and lissamine green staining were evaluated. The measurements taken before and during Ramadan at the same hours between 4.00 and 5.00 PM were compared using paired sample t test, and a P value less than 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the study group was 27.8 ± 5.9 years (range, 20-47 years). The mean tear osmolarity values were measured as 285.6 ± 8.2 mOsm/L and 293.3 ± 16.0 mOsm/L, whereas the mean Schirmer I values were 14.8 ± 6.0 mm and 10.6 ± 5.3 mm in nonfasting and fasting periods, respectively. Tear osmolarity, OSDI, and Oxford grading scores significantly increased (P=0.02, P=0.002, P=0.003, respectively), whereas Schirmer I values and intraocular pressure decreased (both, P<0.001) during the fasting period compared with the nonfasting period. There were no significant differences in tear BUT, keratometry values, and corneal aberration measurements between nonfasting and fasting periods (P>0.05, for all). CONCLUSION: Fasting significantly decreases tear production and increases tear osmolarity; however, it does not deteriorate corneal topographic parameters and ocular aberrations in healthy subjects.

The effect of room illumination on the measurement of anterior segment parameters.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of room illumination on the measurement of anterior segment parameters. METHODS: In this comparative study, measurements of anterior segment parameters of 25 eyes of 25 healthy patients were performed by optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR). Measurements were taken under photopic conditions (150 lux) and under mesopic conditions (3 lux). Paired t test by SPSS 16.0 was used to compare the anterior segment measurements performed in both conditions. A P value lower than 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 27.09±1.72 years (range, 20-40 years). Of the anterior segment parameters, axial length and keratometry did not show significant difference between photopic and mesopic conditions (P=0.541 and P=0.812, respectively). The mean anterior chamber depth measurements was 3.04±0.35 mm and 3.06±0.35 mm, whereas the mean lens thickness was 3.75±0.36 mm and 3.77±0.36 mm in the mesopic and photopic conditions, respectively. The mean pupil diameter measurement was 4.86±0.70 mm under photopic conditions and 6.36±0.94 mm under mesopic conditions. The anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and pupil diameter showed significant difference between photopic and mesopic conditions (P=0.01, P=0.006, and P=0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and pupil diameter were affected by the changes in luminance while performing measurements with OLCR. Considering the age of the study group, further studies are needed to test the measurement of accommodation amplitude.

Resolution of papilledema after endoscopic third ventriculostomy versus cerebrospinal fluid shunting in hydrocephalus: a comparative study.

OBJECT: In this study the authors compare the efficacy of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) versus CSF shunting for resolution of papilledema in hydrocephalus. METHODS: This comparative case series study recruited 12 patients (24 eyes) with hydrocephalus who underwent either an ETV (Group 1, 6 patients [12 eyes]) or CSF shunt treatment (Group 2, 6 patients [12 eyes]). A complete ophthalmological examination including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) evaluation by optical coherence tomography was provided for all patients before surgery and in the 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month postoperatively. The 2 groups were compared for quantitative changes in RNFL thickness and, thereby, resolution of papilledema. Statistical evaluation was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test with the aid of SPSS version 16.0. RESULTS: The mean preoperative RNFL thickness was 259.7 ± 35.8 µm in Group 1 and 244.5 ± 53.4 µm in Group 2 (p = 0.798). The mean decrease in RNFL thickness was 101.3 ± 38.8 µm, 141.2 ± 34.6 µm, and 162.0 ± 35.9 µm in Group 1 versus 97.0 ± 44.6 µm, 143 ± 45.6 µm, and 130.0 ± 59.8 µm in Group 2 for the postoperative 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to decrease in RNFL thickness during the 1st week, 1st month, and 3rd month (p = 0.563, p = 0.753, and p = 0.528, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to quantitatively evaluate papilledema in assessing the success of ETV and CSF shunting. The authors' results indicated that ETV is as effective as CSF shunting with respect to decreasing intracranial pressure and resolution of papilledema.

Assessment of ocular neurotoxicity in patients treated with systemic cancer chemotherapeutics.

PURPOSE: Cisplatin and Paclitaxel are two chemotherapeutic agents known to produce neurotoxicity when used for cumulative dose regimens. In this study we aim to assess their toxicity in the optic nerve, and to evaluate the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field changes in lung cancer patients treated with Cisplatin and Paclitaxel. METHODS: Fifteen patients who were treated intravenously with 75 mg/m(2) cisplatin and 175 mg/m(2) paclitaxel every 3 weeks, up to a maximum of six courses, were enrolled in this prospective clinical trial. All patients underwent complete ophthalmological assessments before their treatments began, as well as three months after the completion of their treatments. The RNFL thickness measurements were performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Functional testing included the use of frequency-doubling technology (FDT) perimetry and the Humphrey visual field analyser (HFA). The main outcome measurements included the average RNFL thicknesses and visual field indices (mean deviation [MD] and pattern standard deviation [PSD]). RESULTS: The median age of the 15 patients (nine male and six female) was 63.49 years old (range: 53-77). The average RNFL thickness measurement during the baseline examination was 103.73 µm (range: 97-111). Three months after the cessation of treatment the RNFL thickness declined to 97.4 µm (range: 91-102). Statistical analysis showed a significant thinning between the two measurements (p = 0.032). The MD and PSD values recorded by the HFA demonstrated no statistically significant changes 3 months after the cessation of treatment (p > 0.207 and p > 0.186, respectively). There were statistically significant decreases in both the MD (0.48 to -1.13 dB) and PSD (2.13 to 0.65 dB) indices measured by the FDT perimetry (p = 0.041 and p = 0.025, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the systemic administration of Cisplatin and Paclitaxel affected the peripapillary RNFL thicknesses and visual field indices as revealed by FDT perimetry. OCT and FDT perimetry may be adjunctive tools for the screening of ocular toxicity in patients treated with these agents.

Symptomatic pneumorrhachis.

Pneumorrhachis (PR) is the presence of air within the spinal canal, whether localized in the epidural or in the subarachnoid space. Evidence of intraspinal air, especially in the subarachnoid space, had been thought to be merely a radiological artifact of serious underlying pathology until it was proven that PRs can be related to neurologic symptoms ranging from radicular pain to serious neurologic deficits. The etiologies, pathomechanisms, and natural courses show differences from case to case, with the result that no consistent treatment strategies exist in the literature. Although the conservative treatment modalities seem to be more appropriate in nonsymptomatic cases, treatment strategies in symptomatic cases remain the subject of discussion. In this study, we present two symptomatic cases of PR arising from different causes and review the literature, focusing especially on the symptomatic cases and strategies for treating them.

Comparison of central corneal thickness measurements using optical low-coherence reflectometry, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography, and Scheimpflug camera.

PURPOSE: To compare the results of central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements obtained using optical low-coherence reflectometry (OLCR), Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT), and a Scheimpflug camera (SC), combined with Placido corneal topography. METHODS: A total of 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the present study, and one eye of each subject was included. A detailed ophthalmic examination was performed in all cases following CCT measurements with OLCR, FD-OCT, and SC. The results were compared using an ANOVA test. Bland-Altman analysis was used to demonstrate agreement between methods. Intra-examiner repeatability was assessed by using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between the results of the CCT measurements obtained using the three different devices (p=0.009). Significant correlations were found between OLCR and FD-OCT (r=0.97; p<0.0001), FD-OCT and SC (r=0.91; p<0.0001), and OLCR and SC (r=0.95; p<0.0001). The 95% limits of agreement (LOA) obtained from Bland-Altman plots were from -7.2 µm to 28.7 µm for OLCR versus FD-OCT, from -19.2 µm to 30.4 µm for OLCR versus SC, and from -42.6 to 32.3 µm for FD-OCT versus SC. Intra-examiner repeatability was excellent for each method, with ICCs >0.98. CONCLUSION: Although the results of CCT measurements obtained from these three devices were highly correlated with one another and the mean differences between instruments were comparable with the reported diurnal CCT fluctuation, the measurements are not directly interchangeable in clinical practice because of the wide LOA values.

Lung adenocarcinoma metastasis to frontal sinus mimicking Pott's puffy tumor.

Metastasis of the lung adenocarcinoma to the paranasal sinuses is a rare clinical entity. We present a 75-year-old male patient who presented with swelling of the forehead and left upper eyelid with proptosis in left eye due to metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma. It appears as a puffy swelling of the forehead like a Pott's puffy tumor. Pott's puffy tumor is a subperiostal abscess of the frontal bone associated with osteomyelitis and usually occurs as a complication of sinusitis or trauma.

Comparison of the ganglion cell complex and retinal nerve fibre layer measurements using Fourier domain optical coherence tomography to detect ganglion cell loss in non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic ability of macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) and peripapillary nerve fibre layer (NFL) measurements to detect ganglion cell loss (GCL) in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION), at the chronic stage. METHODS: This study included 10 eyes from 10 patients with NAION and 15 eyes from 15 age-matched healthy subjects. The measurements included the GCC thicknesses as average, superior and inferior, the GCC parameters as focal loss volume (FLV) and global loss volume (GLV), the NFL thicknesses as average, superior hemisphere and inferior hemisphere, and the disc parameters as rim area and rim volume. The curves for the area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) were generated to assess the ability of each parameter to detect GCL. RESULTS: The patient group had significantly lower GCC thicknesses than the control group (p<0.001, <0.001 and 0.004, for the GCC average, superior and inferior, respectively), and also significantly higher FLV and GLV measurements (p<0.001). The NFL thicknesses were found to be significantly lower in the patient group than the control subjects (p<0.001). Among all the parameters, the FLV and the GLV had the highest levels of AUROC values (1.000, 0.990, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The FLV and the GLV showed the strongest abilities to detect GCL in patients with NAION. In addition, peripapillary NFL thickness was comparable to macular GCC thickness in detecting GCL. Therefore, macular GCC scans may provide a good alternative or a complementary practice to NFL scans in the detection of GCL in patients with NAION.

Can intramuscular corticosteroid injection cause nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy?

A 56-year-old man noted a sudden decrease of vision in his right eye 4 hours after intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection. A diagnosis of unilateral nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was made, and the patient was counseled to discontinue using TA. Examination for possible risk factors revealed controlled hypertension. Final visual acuity was finger counting at 1 m, and the optic disc was pale in his right eye. This is the first reported case of unilateral NAION that has occurred in a patient after intramuscular corticosteroid injection. Although a cause-and-effect relationship is difficult to prove, the short duration between the TA injection and the NAION is noteworthy. The history of corticosteroid injection should be questioned in cases with predisposing conditions such as hypertension.

Quantitative assessment of anterior chamber inflammation in patients with retained presumed intraocular cotton fiber after phacoemulsification.

PURPOSE: To evaluate anterior chamber inflammation in eyes with retained presumed intraocular cotton fibers after small-incision cataract surgery. METHODS: Fourteen patients with retained presumed intraocular cotton fibers after phacoemulsification were evaluated for anterior chamber inflammation. The control group consisted of 15 patients with no postoperative intraocular cotton fibers. An aqueous flare meter was used to evaluate anterior chamber reaction 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: Retained cotton fibers were detected in the anterior chamber in 6 cases, and in the corneal incision site, extending into the anterior chamber, in 8 cases. The mean flare values at each postoperative visit were statistically similar between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Following cataract surgery, retained presumed intraocular cotton fibers did not cause any additional inflammation in the eye within the short term. In contrast to other intraocular foreign bodies, which may cause severe inflammation, retained intraocular cotton fibers seem to be well tolerated following cataract surgery.