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1.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1442125

RESUMO

Se presenta un caso de leishmaniasis selvática cutánea diseminada con manifestación extensa en una paciente pediátrica con síndrome de Down. El caso se confirmó a través de estudios parasitológicos e inmunológicos, mientras que la identificación se realizó mediante la técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa-polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción (PCR-RFLP, por sus siglas en inglés), determinándose la especie como Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. La manifestación clínica agresiva y prolongada con poca respuesta a estibogluconato y anfotericina desoxicolato pueden deberse al déficit inmunológico que se presenta como parte del síndrome de Down. La paciente eventualmente recibió tratamiento con anfotericina B liposomal y al término de la terapia, mostró mejoría clínica de las lesiones. El presente reporte ilustra los desafíos tanto de diagnóstico como tratamiento de leishmaniasis cutánea en pacientes pediátricos inmunosuprimidos, especialmente en un entorno de difícil acceso social, económico y geográfico, a los servicios de salud. Se recomienda considerar a la leishmaniasis en el diagnóstico diferencial cuando se atienda ulceras crónicas dermatológicas atípicas; así como tener en cuenta el uso de anfotericina liposomal en pacientes inmunocomprometidos.


We present a case of disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis with extensive manifestation in a pediatric patient with Down syndrome. The case was confirmed by parasitological and immunological tests. The species was identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP). The immune deficit that occurs as part of Down syndrome may have been the reason for the aggressive and prolonged clinical manifestations as well as the poor response to stibogluconate and deoxycholate amphotericin. The patient was treated with liposomal amphotericin B and at the end of therapy, showed clinical improvement of the lesions. This report highlights the challenges of the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed pediatric patients, especially under difficult social, economic and geographic conditions. Leishmaniasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis when treating atypical chronic dermatologic ulcers; the use of liposomal amphotericin in immunocompromised patients should also be considered in these cases.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança
2.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1177984

RESUMO

Objetivo. La inmunización es una de las intervenciones más importantes para prevenir la morbimortalidad en la población mundial. No obstante, aún persisten brechas para alcanzar coberturas ideales de vacunación. Además, las múltiples dosis y vacunas dificultan alcanzar las metas mínimas establecidas. Por ello, se desarrollan vacunas combinadas y fraccionadas para reducir el número de inyecciones, errores programáticos, reactogenicidad y mejorar la adherencia. En tres días distintos, durante 9 horas, se reunieron 6 médicos pediatras expertos en vacunas en el Perú siguiendo el método RAND/UCLA, con el objeto de elaborar un consenso de opinión y actualización de la vacuna combinada hexavalente [DTaP+Haemophilus influenzae tipo b (Hib)+Hepatitis B (HVB)+antipolio inactivada (IPV)] y su eventual uso en el Programa ampliado de inmunizaciones (PAI). Las recomendaciones del consenso son: reemplazar las vacunas, antipolio oral (OPV) por IPV, pertussis de células enteras por vacunas acelulares y DTP de los 4 años por dTap entre los 4 y 6 años; usar la vacuna hexavalente para la serie primaria (2, 4 y 6 meses); usar 4 dosis de vacuna contra Hib (2, 4, 6 y 18 meses); incorporar la vacuna hexavalente en el PAI; no usar la IPV fraccionada (fIPV) y administrar solo 4 dosis de IPV.


Objetive. Immunization is one of the most important interventions to prevent morbidity and mortality in the world population. However, gaps persist to achieve ideal vaccination coverage. In addition, the multiple vaccines and necessary doses make it difficult to reach the minimum established goals. On this scenario, combined and fractionated vaccines are being developed with the aim of reducing the injections number, programmatic errors, reactogenicity and improving adherence. On three different days, for 9 hours, 6 pediatricians experts in vaccines in Peru met following the RAND/UCLA method in order to develop a consensus opinion and update of the combined hexavalent vaccine [DTaP+Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)+Hepatitis B (HVB)+Inactivated Polio Vaccine (IPV)] and its eventual use in the Extended Immunization Program (EPI). The consensus recommendation are: replace the vaccines, Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) by IPV, pertussis of whole cells by acellular vaccines and DTP of 4 years old by dTap between 4 and 6 years old; use the hexavalent vaccine for the primary series (2, 4 and 6 months); use 4 doses of Hib vaccine (2, 4, 6 and 18 months); incorporate the hexavalent vaccine in the EPI; do not use fractionated IPV (fIPV) and only administer 4 doses of IPV.

3.
An. Fac. Med. (Perú) ; 80(2): 188-192, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1054808

RESUMO

Introducción. El clima organizacional dentro de las instituciones de salud y la satisfacción del paciente se utilizan para evaluar y mejorar la calidad de los servicios de salud. Objetivo. Determinar el clima organizacional y la satisfacción del usuario externo sobre la atención medica recibida en los servicios de hospitalización del Instituto Nacional Salud del Niño (INSN). Métodos. En el año 2017 se aplicó una encuesta para calificar el clima organizacional a los trabajadores de los servicios de hospitalización del Departamento de Medicina del INSN. La satisfacción del usuario externo se midió mediante la encuesta SERVQUAL aplicada a los usuarios externos. Resultados. La calificación del clima organizacional fue de 76,3%, considerada como mejorable; y la satisfacción global del usuario externo fue de 64,4%. El clima organizacional en las dimensiones de identidad, comunicación organizacional y estructura lograron el calificativo de saludable y la dimensión remuneración obtuvo el calificativo de no saludable. La dimensión mejor valorada por los usuarios externos fue: ¿durante su hospitalización recibió visita médica todos los días?; y la menos valorada: ¿los trámites para el alta fueron rápidos?. Conclusión. La calificación global del clima organizacional fue de 76,3% y la satisfacción global del usuario externo fue de 64,4% en el INSN.


Introduction. The organizational climate within health institutions and patient satisfaction are used to evaluate and improve the quality of health services. Objective. Determine the organizational climate and the satisfaction of the external user regarding the medical care received in the hospitalization services of the Instituto Nacional Salud del Niño (INSN). Methods. In the year 2017 a survey was applied to qualify the organizational climate to the workers of the hospitalization services of the Department of Medicine of the INSN. The satisfaction of the external user was measured through the SERVQUAL survey applied to external users. Results. The qualification of the organizational climate was 76,3%, considered as improvable; and the overall satisfaction of the external user was 64,4%. The organizational climate in the dimensions of identity, organizational communication and structure achieved the qualification of healthy and the remuneration dimension obtained the qualification of unhealthy. The dimension best valued by external users was: during your hospitalization did you receive a medical visit every day? and the least valued: were the procedures for discharge high?. Conclusion. The overall rating of the organizational climate was 76,3% and the overall satisfaction of the external user was 64,4% in the INSN.

4.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 37(4): 304-309, 2018 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29140938

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Perinatally HIV-infected (PHIV) children are at risk for under-vaccination and poor vaccine response at 4 years of age. Childhood vaccine coverage and immune response were compared between PHIV and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children in Latin America and the Caribbean. METHODS: PHIV and HEU children were enrolled prospectively at 15 sites from 2002 to 2009. Full vaccination by age 4 years was defined as: 3 hepatitis B virus vaccine doses; 4 tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine doses; 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine by age 12 months or ≥1 dose given after age 12 months; one measles-containing vaccine dose; one rubella-containing vaccine dose. Immunity was defined by serum antibody titer. Fisher exact test (for categorical measures) and t test (for continuous measures) were used for comparisons. RESULTS: Among 519 children seen at age 4 years, 191 had serum specimens available (137 PHIV, 54 HEU). Among those with specimens available, 29.3% initiated combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) <12 months of age, 30.9% initiated at ≥12 months of age, and 39.8% had not received cART by the time they were seen at 4 years of age. At 4 years of age, 59.9% were on PI-containing cART (cART/PI), and 20.4% were on no ART. PHIV children were less likely than HEU children to be fully vaccinated for tetanus (55.5% vs. 77.8%, P = 0.005) and measles and rubella (both 70.1% vs. 94.4%, P < 0.001). Among those fully vaccinated, immunity was significantly lower among PHIV than HEU for all vaccines examined: 20.9% versus 37.8% for hepatitis B virus (P = 0.04), 72.0% versus 90.5% for tetanus (P = 0.02), 51.4% versus 68.8% for H. influenzae type b (P = 0.05), 80.2% versus 100% for measles (P < 0.001) and 72.9% versus 98.0% for rubella (P < 0.001) vaccine, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with HEU, PHIV children were significantly less likely to be immune to vaccine-preventable diseases when fully vaccinated. Strategies to increase immunity against vaccine-preventable diseases among PHIV require further study.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Exposição Ambiental , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Troca Materno-Fetal , Vacinas/imunologia , Adolescente , Região do Caribe , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , América Latina , Masculino , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Cobertura Vacinal , Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Adulto Jovem
5.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 31(2): 274-7, 2014 Apr.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25123865

RESUMO

In order to determine the frequency of seropositive cases of Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a national hospital in Peru, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 106 children with regional adenitis greater than 1 cm in diameter. The sample was selected from patients aged 5-11 years seen at the National Institute of Child Health for acute onset of regional adentitis, with more than five days of symptoms. B. henselae seropositivity was defined by indirect immunofluorescence test. We found that 86 children (81.1%) were positive for B.henselae. The median age of the patients was 7 years. In the bivariate analysis, the following associated factors were found: aged 5 years, history of fever, lymphadenopathy greater than 4 cm and reported contact with cat. In conclusion, children with regional adenitis treated in this national referral hospital showed a high frequency of positive serology for B. henselae.


Assuntos
Bartonella henselae , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bartonella henselae/imunologia , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/sangue , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , Linfadenite/sangue , Masculino , Peru , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
6.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 31(2): 274-277, abr.-jun. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-719504

RESUMO

Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de casos seropositivos a Bartonella henselae en niños con adenitis regional atendidos en un hospital nacional del Perú, se realizó un estudio trasversal en 106 niños con adenitis regional mayor de 1 cm de diámetro, de aparición aguda, con tiempo de enfermedad mayor de cinco días, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño durante el año 2012. Se definió seropositividad para B. henselae mediante el examen de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, siendo positivos 86 niños (81,1%) con una mediana de edad de 7 años, rango de 5 a 11; en el análisis bivariado se encontraron como factores asociados, edad mayor de 5 años, antecedentes de fiebre, adenopatía mayor de 4 cm y reporte de contacto con gato. En conclusión, los niños con adenitis regional atendidos en este hospital de referencia nacional presentaron una frecuencia alta de serología positiva para B. henselae.


In order to determine the frequency of seropositive cases of Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a national hospital in Peru, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 106 children with regional adenitis greater than 1 cm in diameter. The sample was selected from patients aged 5-11 years seen at the National Institute of Child Health for acute onset of regional adentitis, with more than five days of symptoms. B. henselae seropositivity was defined by indirect immunofluorescence test. We found that 86 children (81.1%) were positive for B.henselae. The median age of the patients was 7 years. In the bivariate analysis, the following associated factors were found: aged 5 years, history of fever, lymphadenopathy greater than 4 cm and reported contact with cat. In conclusion, children with regional adenitis treated in this national referral hospital showed a high frequency of positive serology for B. henselae.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Bartonella henselae , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/epidemiologia , Linfadenite/microbiologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Bartonella henselae/imunologia , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Hospitais , Linfadenite/sangue , Peru , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos
7.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 31(2): 274-277, abr.- jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | MINSAPERÚ | ID: pru-8633

RESUMO

Con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia de casos seropositivos a Bartonella henselae en niños con adenitis regional atendidos en un hospital nacional del Perú, se realizó un estudio trasversal en 106 niños con adenitis regional mayor de 1 cm de diámetro, de aparición aguda, con tiempo de enfermedad mayor de cinco días, atendidos en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño durante el año 2012. Se definió seropositividad para B. henselae mediante el examen de inmunofluorescencia indirecta, siendo positivos 86 niños (81,1%) con una mediana de edad de 7 años, rango de 5 a 11; en el análisis bivariado se encontraron como factores asociados, edad mayor de 5 años, antecedentes de fiebre, adenopatía mayor de 4 cm y reporte de contacto con gato. En conclusión, los niños con adenitis regional atendidos en este hospital de referencia nacional presentaron una frecuencia alta de serología positiva para B. henselae. (AU)


In order to determine the frequency of seropositive cases of Bartonella henselae in children with regional adenitis treated in a national hospital in Peru, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 106 children with regional adenitis greater than 1 cm in diameter. The sample was selected from patients aged 5-11 years seen at the National Institute of Child Health for acute onset of regional adentitis, with more than five days of symptoms. B. henselae seropositivity was defined by indirect immunofluorescence test. We found that 86 children (81.1%) were positive for B.henselae. The median age of the patients was 7 years. In the bivariate analysis, the following associated factors were found: aged 5 years, history of fever, lymphadenopathy greater than 4 cm and reported contact with cat. In conclusion, children with regional adenitis treated in this national referral hospital showed a high frequency of positive serology for B. henselae. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Bartonella henselae , Doença da Arranhadura de Gato , Linfadenite , Estudos Transversais , Peru
8.
Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg ; 146(2): 259-65, 2012 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22128111

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence and to identify risk factors of hearing impairment in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children living in Peru. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Two public hospitals and 1 nonprofit center in Lima, Peru, between August 2009 and April 2010. SUBJECTS: A total of 139 HIV-infected children, ages 4 to 19 years. METHODS: Hearing impairment and otologic health were assessed with pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, and otoscopy. The primary outcome was hearing loss, defined as average threshold >25dB for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, in one or both ears. Historical and socioeconomic information was obtained through parental survey and medical chart review. Statistical analysis included univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Fifty-four (38.8%) of 139 children had hearing impairment. On multivariate analysis, risk factors included: tympanic membrane perforation (odds ratio [OR] 7.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65-30.5; P = .01), abnormal tympanometry (OR 2.71; 95% CI, 1.09-6.75; P = .03), cerebral infection (OR 11.6; 95% CI, 1.06-126; P = .05), seizures (OR 5.20; 95% CI, 1.21-22.4; P = .03), and CD4 cell count <500 cells/mm(3) (OR 3.53; 95% CI, 1.18-10.5; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hearing impairment in HIV-infected children in Lima, Peru was 38.8%. Middle ear disease, prior cerebral infection, and low CD4 cell count were significantly associated with hearing impairment. The high prevalence of hearing impairment emphasizes the need for periodic hearing assessment in the routine clinical care of HIV-infected children.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Perda Auditiva/complicações , Perda Auditiva/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Peru/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco
9.
Lima; s.n; 2011. 13 p. tab.
Tese em Espanhol | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-667209

RESUMO

Antecedentes: Durante la pandemia del virus de influenza AH1 N1/2009 pandemico, el Perú reportó casos desde mediados de Mayo del 2009. Estos estudios podrían proporcionar información para mejorar el conocimiento de esta enfermedad. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de serie de casos en niños hospitalizados por neumonía por Influenza AH1 N1/2009 pandemico, en un hospital pediátrico. Revisamos las historias clínicas entre los meses de Junio y Setiembre 2009. Todos los casos tuvieron confirmación virológica por la trascriptasa reversa de la reacción en cadena de polimerasa en tiempo real, describimos las características clínicas y las condiciones de severidad. Resultados: Estudiamos un total de 74 niños, de los cuales 50 son casos extra hospitalarios y 24 son casos intrahospitalarios, de los cuales 18 estuvieron en ventilación mecánica. Fallecieron 13, todos con condición preexistentes. El riesgo de fallecer estaba asociado a ser caso intrahospitalario. En los casos extrahospitalarios, los < 6 años representan 72 por ciento (36/50). La mediana de tiempo de enfermedad fue de 5 días. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron fiebre, tos, rinorrea. Recibieron oseltamivir el 82 por ciento. El 48 por ciento de los casos presentó infiltrado en parches y el 44 por ciento infiltrado intersticial en la radiografía de tórax. Existe riesgo asociado entre los casos con insuficiencia respiratoria y la proteína c reactiva (PCR) más de 10mg/L En los casos Intrahospitalarios, son de 6 años el 67 por ciento(16/24), las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron desnutrición crónica e infecciones respiratorias previas, cardiopatía congénita y déficit neurológico crónico. Conclusiones Los casos intrahospitalarios de neumonía por influenza AH1 N1/2009 pandemico tuvieron mal pronóstico en plena epidemia, de la misma manera que los casos extrahospitalarios si presentan un PCR elevado, especialmente los que tuvieron condición preexistente


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Pneumonia , Pediatria , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Estudos Retrospectivos
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