RESUMO
It has been found that the optimal body balance control under the conditions of the adaptation to cold is mostly determined by the ratio of the blood concentrations of endogenous ethanol and acetaldehyde related to the activities of liver alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in the order of increasing level of adaptation: higher vertebrates unadapted to cold, including human â small animals adapted to cold â large animals adapted to cold native to the North â hibernators, regardless of the species specificity and the environment.
Assuntos
Aclimatação , Álcool Desidrogenase/sangue , Aldeído Desidrogenase/sangue , Evolução Biológica , Hibernação , Álcool Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Aldeído Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Animais , Temperatura Baixa , Cavalos , Humanos , Fígado/metabolismo , RoedoresRESUMO
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronotype and social jetlag (SJL) on intelligence. Subjects were aged 14-25 years (n = 1008). A significant effect of intelligence on academic performance, as measured by the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices test, was found (F2,917 = 11.75, P < 0.0001, η2 = 0.03). When SJL was less than 2 hours, the intelligence of people with late chronotype was found to be higher than that of subjects with early and intermediate chronotypes (F2,305 = 3.12, P < 0.05, η2 = 0.02). A negative effect of SJL on the results of intelligence testing was noted only in subjects with late chronotype (F2,536 = 2.61, P < 0.05, η2 = 0.02). Our data suggest that people with late chronotype have a higher level of intelligence, but these advantages disappear when SJL ≥2 hours.
Assuntos
Ciclos de Atividade , Ritmo Circadiano , Inteligência , Comportamento Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Escolaridade , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Inteligência , Masculino , Fenótipo , Fatores de Tempo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The role of ethanol metabolism system in adaptation of laboratory animals to cold temperatures was shown. Cold stress (1-2°C) modeled in male Wistar rats over 7 weeks significantly modulated endogenous ethanol metabolism and led to reorganization of many physiological systems, which resulted in activation of metabolic processes. Under these conditions, endogenous ethanol was utilized as the most easily and fast metabolized energy substrate, due to which its blood concentration decreased and was replenished at the expense of exogenous ethanol. Normalization of blood ethanol concentration led to better adaptation to cold.
