Comparative Analysis of Infarct-Limiting Activity of Peptide and Non-Peptide δ- and κ-Opioid Receptor Agonists during Heart Reperfusion In Vivo.

A comparative analysis of the infarct-limiting activity of δ- and κ-opioid receptors (OR) agonists was carried out on a model of coronary occlusion (45 min) and reperfusion (120 min) in male Wistar rats. We used selective δ2-OR agonist deltorphin II (0.12 mg/kg), δ-OR agonists BW373U86 and p-Cl-Phe DPDPE (0.1 and 1 mg/kg), selective agonists of δ1-OR DPDPE (0.1 and 0.969 mg/kg), κ1-OR U-50,488 (0.1 and 1 mg/kg), κ2-OR GR-89696 (0.1 mg/kg), and κ-OR ICI-199,441 (0.1 mg/kg). All drugs were administered intravenously 5 min before reperfusion. Deltorphin II, BW373U86 (1 mg/kg), p-Cl-Phe DPDPE (1 mg/kg), U-50,488 (1 mg/kg), and ICI-199,441 had a cardioprotective effect. The most promising compounds for drug development are ICI-199,441 and deltorphin II.

Effect of IGF-1 C472T, GH C2141G, and GHR T914A polymorphisms on growth performance and feed efficiency in young Kazakh white-headed cattle.

Background and Aim: Improving the feed efficiency of beef cattle is necessary to increase the profitability of meat production. Implementing marker-assisted selection breeding systems can improve the genetic potential of beef cattle for increased productivity. This research aimed to study the effects of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 C472T, growth hormone (GH) C2141G, and GH receptor (GHR) T914A polymorphisms on growth performance and feed efficiency in young Kazakh white-headed cattle. Materials and Methods: Young Kazakh white-headed cattle (n = 50) were grouped after weaning according to sex (28 bulls and 22 heifers) and they were genotyped according to the IGF-1 C472T, GH C2141G, and GHR T914A polymorphisms. The test period was conducted from 8 to 15 months of age. The experimental animals were evaluated for live weight (LW) at the beginning and end of the test period. They were also assessed for average daily gain, hip height, metabolic mid-weight (MMWT), actual dry matter intake (DMI), and residual feed intake (RFI). Results: Significant differences in MMWT were found between the bulls with the IGF-1TT and IGF-1CT genotypes, which was a 2.2 kg increase in heterozygous cattle (p < 0.05). Heterozygous IGF-1CT bulls differed with a higher DMI of 0.087 kg/day (p < 0.05) compared to IGF-1TT homozygotes. Carriers of the IGF-1TT genotype had the greatest feed efficiency at 0.068 kg/day (p < 0.05). Heifers with the GHCC genotype differed in their maximum DMI with an increase of 1.17%-1.57% (p < 0.05) relative to the other genotypes. The G allele in the GH C2141G polymorphism was associated with better (p < 0.05) feed efficiency in the Kazakh white-headed breed. The minimum DMI and RFI in GHR T914A heterozygous heifers were significantly inferior (p < 0.05) to the other genotypes. Conclusion: Association studies of the IGF-1 C472T, GH C2141G, and GHR T914A polymorphisms indicate a relationship between growth, development, and feed efficiency with the genetic characteristics of young Kazakh white-headed cattle. A significant (p < 0.05) dominant effect was found in the IGF-1 gene in bulls and in the GHR gene in heifers, which should be considered when breeding with heterogeneous parental pairs. The negative effect of the allele substitution in the IGF-1 C472T polymorphism was observed in the LW of heifers (-3.25 kg) at the age of 8 months and bulls (-6.05 kg) at 15 months. The substitution in the GH C2141G polymorphism was associated with a significant reduction in DMI by 0.036 kg (p < 0.05) and an increase in feed efficiency by 0.023 kg (p < 0.05) during the rearing of heifers. These results can improve the production efficiency of mature herds of Kazakh white-headed cattle.

[Oral status of persons with dysplastic phenotype living in different climatic and geographical conditions]. / Stomatologicheskii status lits s displasticheskim fenotipom, prozhivayushchikh v razlichnykh klimatogeograficheskikh usloviyakh.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the influence the dysplastic phenotype on the stomatological status in the persons living in the different climatic and geographical conditions (the south of Tyumen region, Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous districts). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cross-sectional and observational study of 578 male and female adolescents aged 13.65±1.7 was carried out. The level of oral hygiene, caries intensity and spreading and parodontium inflammatory diseases were estimated. All examined persons were divided into 2 groups depending on the presence of signs of connective tissue dysplasia (CTD). RESULTS: The significant spreading of undifferentiated forms of CTD was determined. It was 53.05% on the territory of the south of Tyumen region, 63.7% was in Khanty-Mansiysk district, 64.4% was in Yamalo-Nenets district (p=0.010). The involvement of the dento-maxillary system in the process was observed in 83.1% of adolescents with CTD. Caries spreading and intensity is significantly higher in the group of adolescents with CTD. The differences are statistically significant in all studied climatic and geographical zones. The higher spreading of signs of parodontium inflammatory diseases in the presence of CTD is registered. Spreading of parodontium inflammatory diseases among adolescents with CTD is statistically higher in Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous districts than in the south of Tyumen region (p=0.004 and p<0.0001 respectively). CONCLUSION: In the circumpolar region the share of persons with CTD and dysplastic depended changes of dento-maxillary system is statistically higher than on the territory of moderate latitudes. In the presence of CTD caries spreading and parodontium inflammatory diseases increases considerably but in the circumpolar zone the changes are significantly marked. The further study of the role of some factors including confounding in the dysplastic phenotype forming and stomatological pathology in the different climatic and geographical zone conditions is required.

Effect of leptin C528T and leptin C73T polymorphisms and pregnancy on adipose tissue formation and carcass grade in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows.

Background and Aim: The leptin (LEP) gene plays a role in the regulation of the activity required to obtain food, energy metabolism, and fat deposition and affects the body composition of animals. Lipogenesis is an ineffective process. A lot of energy from feed is expended on the synthesis of adipose tissue. This study aimed to determine the effect of LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms and pregnancy on adipose tissue formation and carcass grade in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows. Materials and Methods: Heifers (n = 49) and first-calf cows (n = 30) were grouped according to their genotype for LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms at the age of 24 months. DNA samples were isolated from whole blood. Experimental animals were slaughtered at the age of 24 months, and a chemical analysis of samples of longissimus dorsi muscle and ground beef was performed. Results: The maximum internal fat weight, back-fat thickness, and fat content of the longissimus dorsi muscle and ground beef were determined in heifers heterozygous for both LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms. The ranking of genotypes in terms of adipose tissue formation did not change in first-calf cows compared to heifers carrying the same LEP gene variants. Pregnancy had a more significant (p < 0.05-0.001) effect on slaughter parameters and lipogenesis in animals of different genotypes than studied polymorphisms. Heterozygosity of the LEP gene was much more strongly expressed in the carcass grade of heifers. "Prime" grades were assigned to 66.7% of carcasses heterozygous for LEP C528T and "Top Choice" to 58.8% of carcasses with LEP C73T nucleotide substitutions. Conclusion: LEP C528T and LEP C73T polymorphisms were shown to affect the extent of fat formation in Aberdeen Angus heifers and first-calf cows. Animals with heterozygous genotypes exhibited the maximum development of internal fat, back-fat, and intramuscular fat. Pregnancy had a more significant effect on slaughter parameters and adipose tissue formation than studied polymorphisms. First-calf cows had a significantly lower fat content in carcasses than heifers. These results can aid in the production of efficient mature herds of Aberdeen Angus cattle.

[Pilot study of the manifestations of synchrony of the anatomical-metabolic and functional state of the brain, kidneys and bladder].

im. The results of clinical observations and scientific studies of recent years indicate that abstinence from urination before the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals for PET / CT procedures is accompanied by a significantly lower flow of it into the bladder than after preliminary urination. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Comparative analysis of PET/CT metabolism of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose at the level of the cingulate gyrus of the brain, different regions of the kidney parenchyma and in the bladder wall in individuals without nephrourological history, depending on the phase of the functional state of the bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The results of PET/CT of the whole body of 30 patients of the radiological center of the Tyumen Regional Oncological Dispensary, including 16 men and 14 women (median age 52.5 (38; 63) years), were analyzed, distributed randomly in three equal study groups: after urination, in the intermictory period and immediately after the appearance of the first urge to urinate. RESULTS: Signs of synchrony were revealed in the anatomical and metabolic activity of the cortical vegetative centers, certain regions of the renal parenchyma and the wall of the bladder in the process of urination, the movement of urine along the urinary tract, the stage of its accumulation in the bladder and preparation for urination. CONCLUSION: The data obtained allow us to assume that the analyzed regions are equivalent areas of the general regulatory system that provides physiological processes in the organs of the urinary system. However, this fact requires further research and clarification.

A Method for Recording the Bioelectrical Activity of Neural Axons upon Stimulation with Short Pulses of Infrared Laser Radiation.

The aim of the study was to develop a method for long-term non-invasive recording of the bioelectrical activity induced in isolated neuronal axons irradiated with short infrared (IR) pulses and to study the effect of radiation on the occurrence of action potentials in axons of a neuron culture in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hippocampal cells of mouse embryos (E18) were cultured in microfluidic chips made of polydimethylsiloxane and containing microchannels for axonal growth at a distance of up to 800 µm. We studied the electrophysiological activity of a neuronal culture induced by pulses of focused laser radiation in the IR range (1907 and 2095 nm). The electrophysiological activity of the neuronal culture was recorded using a multichannel recording system (Multi Channel Systems, Germany). RESULTS: The developed microfluidic chip and the optical stimulation system combined with the multichannel registration system made it possible to non-invasively record the action potentials caused by pulsed IR radiation in isolated neuronal axons in vitro. The propagation of action potentials in axons was detected using extracellular microelectrodes when the cells were irradiated with a laser at a wavelength of 1907 nm with a radiation power of 0.2-0.5 W for pulses with a duration of 6 ms and 0.5 W for pulses with a duration of 10 ms. It was shown that the radiation power positively correlated with the occurrence rate of axonal response. Moreover, the probability of a response evoked by optical stimulation increased at short optical pulses. In addition, we found that more responses could be evoked by irradiating the neuronal cell culture itself rather than the axon-containing microchannels. CONCLUSION: The developed method makes it possible to isolate the axons growing from cultured neurons into a microfluidic chip, stimulate the neurons with infrared radiation, and non-invasively record the axonal spiking. The proposed approach allowed us to study the characteristics of neuronal responses in cell cultures over a long (weeks) period of time. The method can be used both in fundamental research into the brain signaling system and in the development of a non-invasive neuro-interface.

[Functional reserves and adaptive potential of various levels of habitual motor activity].

On the basis of longitudinal studies in children of older preschool and early school-age boys and girls with low, medium and high habitual physical activity (NAPA, SPDA, VPDA) identified the basic characteristics of the cardiovascular system, physical capacity and the degree of tension of regulatory mechanisms at rest and during functional loading. Analysis of the statistical distribution of the trait given chi2 and lambda criteria and average data of various functional indicators in the total sample identified a fairly wide area and the divergent levels of physiological individuality in a healthy population and the desirability of allocating the three typological groups--functional types (FT-1 - NAPA, the FT-2 - SPDA, FT-3 - VPDA). Model parameters are allocated first and second order for each CFT, as well as performance tests of the third order, describing the current functional status. Determination of the physiological features of the FT-1 FT-2 FT-3 with the establishment of their functional reserves and adaptive capacity makes it possible to identify the different strategies of interaction with the environment, evaluate their advantages and disadvantages and a more grounded approach to the problem of optimization of physical condition and prenosological diagnosis.

[Functional type of the constitution (systematic analysis of individual-typological characteristics of an organism)].

Analysis of the statistical distribution of feature based chi2 and lambda criteria and average data somatometric, functional and psycho-physiological indices in the total sample of individuals with low, medium and high habitual physical activity (LHPA, M H PA and HHP A) at different stages of ontogenesis (the older preschool and early school children, boys and girls) has identified a fairly wide area of different quality and physiological individuality in a healthy population and the feasibility of allocating the three typological groups--functional constitution types (FTC-1 - LHPA, FTC-2 - MHPA, FTC-3 - HHPA). Set model parameters of the first and second order for each FTC, as well as performance tests of the third order, describing the current functional state. For the full specifications of the constitutional membership (synthetic constitution) of individuals with low, medium and high-held PDA integral assessment of their properties by using the principles polythetic (multidimensional) classification. Obtained by means of multivariate statistical methods results confirmed the postulate of the concept of typological variability of physiological individuality real different quality of healthy human population on the morphofunctional and psycho-physiological grounds and conducted a comprehensive physiological and statistical analysis of results allowed us to scientifically justify the selection of three functional types of constitution (PTC-1, FTC-2, FTC-3), corresponding to three types of synthetic constitutive (K 0-1, K 00, K 01). The data obtained show that the system (constitutional) approach to the evaluation of individual-typological characteristics of the organism confirms the high information private constitution(PTC-1, FTC-2, FTC-3) in human biological organization, and the selected feature set can adequately differentiate the synthetic constitutional types in a formal basis.

[Learning of rats predisposed to catalepsy in Morris water test].

It was shown that GC rats predisposed to catalepsy do not differ from Wistar rats in success rate or latency (time of finding of the hidden escape platform) in the Morris water test. However, unlike Wistar, GC rats are inclined to passive drift and longer floating episodes. Rats of the MD+ strain predisposed to hyperkinesis in the form of horizontal pendulum-like movements of the head and upper limb girdle show longer latency and lower rate of successful trials than Wistar or MD-, rats selected for absence of the pendulum-like movements.

Genetic catalepsy and ultralow dose antibodies to S-100B antigen.

We studied consumption of 20% sucrose solution by rats genetically predisposed to catalepsy (GC strain) during training. The consumption of sucrose solution by GC rats was lower in comparison to that in Wistar rats. "Potentiated" antibodies to S-100B antigen administered orally after training sessions increased the number and duration of subsequent contacts of rats with sucrose solution.

[Confirmation of a positive genetic relationship between pendulum movements, audiogenic epilepsy, catalepsy, and "nervousness" in rats].

Relationships between the predispositions to pendulum movements (PMs), catalepsy, and audiogenic epilepsy in the course of breeding for "nervousness" and freezing have been studied. A positive genetic relationship between PMs, catalepsy, and audiogenic epilepsy has been demonstrated. Eighty to ninety percent of rats selected for enhanced PMs (strain PM+) exhibit predisposition to audiogenic seizures, whereas this frequency in the PM-free strain (PM-) is 10-40%.

[Typological characteristics of behavior in strains of rats bred for enhancement and absence of pendulum movements. Association with brain monoamines].

Typological characteristics of behavior were studied in rats bred for enhancement (PM+) and absence (PM-) of pendulum movements. Excitement in different test situations was manifest in PM+ rats, whereas passive defensive reactions were characteristic of PM- rats. Increased excitability of PM+ rats was expressed in their greater predisposition to audiogenic epilepsy (83% in PM+ versus 40% in PM- rats). On the contrary, PM- rats were found to be more prone to freezing (61% in PV- versus 11% in PM+). In PM+ rats, noradrenaline and serotonin contents were decreased in hypothalamus (as compared to PM- and control Wistar stain), whereas in PM- rats, serotonin content was increased in striatum, hypothalamus and midbrain as compared to control strains.

[Catalepsy and "nervousness" in rats: results of replicated selection].

Replicated breeding during five generations from an outbred population of Wistar rats performed, in contrast to the previous breeding, differentially for predisposition to catalepsy and "nervousness" confirmed earlier data that catalepsy and "nervousness" are two phenotypic expressions of the same bipolar catatonic genotype.

[Some neuroendocrinological changes in rats of cataleptic strain GC. Influences of ontogenesis and generation of breeding].

The content of biogenic amines: dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonine, in rats of cataleptic strain GC as compared with the control strain Wistar at the age of 1 and 5 months is decreased, the maximal decrease being found in the so-called "nervous" animals. The aldosterone content was decreased at 5 month age in the GC rats. The testosterone content at the age of 1 month in GC rats does not differ from that in Wistar rats, but at the age of 5 months it was decreased as compared to Wistar, the maximal decrease being found again in "nervous" GC rats. The data obtained point to peculiarities of ontogenetic regulation and to commonness of mechanisms of catalepsy and "nervousness" in GC rats.

[Genetic analysis of the predisposition to audiogenic seizure fits in Krushinsky-Molodkina rat strain].

The expression of audiogenic seizure fits has been studied in F1 hybrids between audiogenic seizure-prone Krushinsky-Molodkina rat strain and Wistar rats not prone to audiogenic seizures, as well as in two backcross generations. Only 10% of F1 hybrids exhibit audiogenic seizure fits, whereas the frequency of this character in two generations of their backcrosses with Krushinsky-Molodkina rats is about 50%. A digenic model with incomplete penetrance has been put forward to explain the control of audiogenic seizure fits. This model fits the data obtained: the theoretically expected distributions of the character in offsprings of different crosses do not differ significantly from those observed in experiments. The model explains why the distribution of the character is the same in the first and second backcross offsprings.

[Dual manifestation of catatonic reaction in rats].

Results of genetic, neurophysiological, neurochemical and pharmacological suggest that the cataleptic freezing and "nervousness" observed in the cataleptic rat strain GC have a common mechanism. There seems to be a physiological factor causing catalepsy, upon reaching a certain level of intensity, to be transformed into "nervousness", which is observed both at different period and/or moment of individual life and in the processes of breeding the strain for predisposition to catalepsy.