[Relationship between metabolic and immunological disorders in experimental acute tetrachlomethane, ischemic and alcoholic liver disease]. / Vzaimosviaz' metabolicheskikh i immunologicheskikh narushenii pri éksperimental'nom ostrom tetrakhlometanovom, ishemicheskom i alkogol'nom porazhenii pecheni.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of metabolic and immunological disorders in acute tetrachlomethane, ischemic and alcoholic liver damage modelled in adult Wistar male rats weighing 120-160 g. After evaluation of metabolic and immunological parameters at the local and systemic levels, and correlation analysis was used to establish the relationship between the dynamics of the indicators against the background of experimental pathology models. The close correlation between the studied immune and metabolic parameters recognized for the tetrachlomethane, ischemic and alcoholic liver damage shows the existing "tension" between the indicators of immune and metabolic status. Such close correlation between the studied immunological and metabolic parameters at the system and local levels can serve to assess the severity of the disease, its prognosis, treatment effectiveness and preventive measures.

rs11927381 Polymorphism and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Contribution of Smoking to the Realization of Susceptibility to the Disease.

In the study that included 579 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 542 healthy individuals from Slavonic population, an association was found between IGF2BP2 gene rs11927381 polymorphism and increased risk of developing the disease. However, this association was observed for smoking patients and was not detected for non-smokers. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the spectrum of transcription factors binding with high-risk C allele differ from the spectrum of transcription factors specifically binding with the reference T allele; these factors are involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of ketone bodies and cellular response to glucocorticoid hormones. The results suggest that smoking plays a trigger role in the relationship of the polymorphic variant rs11927381 of the IGF2BP2 gene with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

[Immune disturbances in acute pyelonephritis. Part I].

In the part I of a literature review of modern national and foreign publications dedicated to the problem of immune disorders in acute pyelonephritis, information on the role of innate and adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis is summarized and systematized. The relationship between the pathogens and immune system, in particular the ability of pathogens to overcome the protective immune mechanisms are discussed. The role of neutrophilic granulocytes as well as cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis is shown. The changes in level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are separately highlighted. In conclusion, perspective directions for the studies in the area of immune disorders in acute pyelonephritis are proposed.

[Local immune and oxidative status in exacerbated chronic apical periodontitis]. / Mestnyi immunnyi i oksidantnyi status pri khronicheskom periodontite v stadii obostreniia.

The aim of the study was to define local immune and oxidative changes in patients with exacerbated chronic apical periodontitis. These changes were assessed in saliva of 67 patients with the mean age of 31±2.5 before and after treatment. The study revealed disturbances in cytokines and complement system balance and activation of lipids peroxidation. Combination of Gepon or Vobenzim with Essentiale forte H and Kaskatol proved to be the most effective for correction of this imbalance.

[The application of intravascular laser irradiation of blood for the correction of the immune disturbances in patients presenting with chronic endometritis]. / Primenenie vnutrivennogo lazernogo oblucheniya krovi v korrektsii immunnykh narushenii u patsientok s khronicheskim endometritom.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the specific features of the immune disturbances in patients presenting with chronic endometritis and to correct them with the help of the application of low-intensity intravascular laser radiation of blood in the combination with the standard treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 30 women of the reproductive age with the verified diagnosis of chronic endometritis at the stage of partial remission. The patients were divided into two groups. The patients of group 1 (control) were treated by pharmacotherapy alone while those in the main group (group 2) were given standard therapy supplemented by intravascular laser irradiation of blood in the form of daily 25 min sessions during a 7 day period with the use of the «Mulatto¼ device having the output power of 2 MW at a wavelength of 0.63 microns. In addition, the third group of comparison was formed to which age-matched healthy women were recruited. The levels of cytokines, components of the complement, and immunoglobulins were determined in blood plasma, vaginal and cervical washouts using solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: The more reliable correction of the immune disturbances was achieved with the use of low-intensive laser irradiation of blood in comparison with medicamental therapy alone as appears from the analysis of the indicators of the immune status at the systemic and local levels (anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines, components and regulators of the system of complement, immunoglobulins). CONCLUSION: Supplementation of the standard treatment of chronic endometritis by a course of intravascular low-intensive laser irradiation of blood allows to increase its effectiveness and thereby improve the quality of life of the patients.

[Condition of the immune status at patients with the serous and purulent pyelonephritis according].

AIM: Studying of a condition of the immune status on for standard treatment at an acute serous and purulent pyelonephritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The immune status of 62 patients with various forms of an acute pyelonephritis, randomized on age, sex, the minimum quantity of associated diseases in a remission stage is surveyed. RESULTS: and their discussion. Purulent form of acute pyelonephritis was accompanied by higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines with decreased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In serous form, imbalance in the cytokine system was found. Both serous and purulent forms of pyelonephritis were characterized by the imbalance in the complement system, increased production of immunoglobulins with simultaneous reduction of circulating immune complexes, decreased activity and the intensity of phagocytosis with increased metabolic activity of neutrophils. CONCLUSION: At serous and purulent forms of a pyelonephritis there are differences in an orientation and expression of changes of the immune indicators demanding development of methods of the differentiated immunorehabilitation.

[PHARMACOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF RED BLOOD CELL MEMBRANE LIPID SPECTRUM IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA ON THE BACKGROUND OF HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE.]

In patients with chronic cerebral ischemia on the background of hypertension grade 2, stage 2, our investigation revealed a significant decrease (by 30.1%) in the level of phospholipids in the erythrocyte membrane and cholesterol esters (by 44.2%), increase in lizofosfa-tidilholina, free cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and free fatty acids (by 23.2 - 46.2%), and change in the ratio of lipid fractions responsible for the structure formation and stabilization of erythrocyte membranes. It was found that the most effective correction of lipid profile in erythrocyte membranes was produced by 10-day injection of a combination of actovegin (200 mg intravenous bolus) and cereton (1000 mg choline alfoscerate intravenous drip in 200.0 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution), while the minimum ef- fect was produced by a combination of cerebrolysin (2152 mg concentrated complex of peptides from pig brain, intravenous drip in 100.0 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride solution) and mexidol (250 mg of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate intravenous bolus). The combination of emoxypine (40 mg of 3-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-ethylpyridine, intramuscularly) and piracetam (1000 mg of 2-oxo-I-pyrrolidine-acetamide intravenous bolus) gave intermediate results.

[Chronic ischemia of the brain: state structurally functional properties of erythrocytes ].

At patients with a chronic ischemia of a brain against an idiopathic hypertensia of the II stage development intra erythrocyte «an oxidative stress¼, depression of sorption ability of erythrocytes, change in a membrane of cells of a ratio of fractions of lipids due to decrease of the maintenance of glitserophospholipid and a sphingomyelin, augmentation of a lizophosphatidilkholin, cholesterol is taped. Change of presentability of the membranous proteins responsible for structurization and stabilization of a membrane of erythrocytes, a shaping, flexibility of a membrane and an intracellular metabolism is established. The important role of erythrocytes at a chronic ischemia of a brain based on the concept of their participation in a chain of the adaptive mechanisms supporting a homeostasis is noted.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE IMMUNE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS DURING VARIOUS METHODS OF MULTICOMPONENT GENERAL ANESTHESIA IN LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY.

BACKGROUND: In addition to operating injury in the pathogenesis of immunological and metabolic disorders after surgical interventions anesthesia plays an important role. THE AIM: to establish the relationship of the immune and metabolic disorders during various methods ofmulticomponent general anesthesia in conditions of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with cholelithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under constant observation there were 68 women admitted to the hospital for surgical treatment of cholelithiasis. Patients were divided into 3 groups depending on multicomponent general anesthesia (halothane, propofol, sevoflurane). We determined the concentration of cytokines (TNFa, IL-la, IL-i/8, IL-4, IL-iRA, IL-2, IFNy), components of the complement system (C,, C3, C4, C, and C, factor H, C,-inhibitor), the activity of neutrophilsperipheral blood, the concentration of the products ofperoxidation, catalase, superoxide dismutase in blood plasma. RESULTS: The level of immune-inflammation and metabolic disorders in patients with cholelithiasis was higher in patients operated with the use of halothane. The use of sevoflurane has had the most positive effect on the studied indices. CONCLUSION: The close correlation between the investigated immune and metabolic parameters on the background of the use of different schemes of multicomponent general anesthesia in patients with cholelithiasis have let to the conclusion that in the conditions of use of sevoflurane has the least place a "tension" immune and oxidative status.

[Immune and oxygen disturbances in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and their correction].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the dynamics of immunometabolic characteristics in patients with chronic ischemia of the brain (discirculatory encephalopathy - DE) under the influence of various combinations of neuroprotective and antioxidant drugs and on this basis to identify the most effective therapeutic combinations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors analyzed the results of treatment of 57 patients with DE, stage II, comorbid to hypertension, stage II, which were divided into 3 groups that received comprehensive basic and advanced therapy with paired combinations of neuroprotective and antioxidant drugs. Clinical examination and assessment of neuropsychiatric status were performed. Immune disorders were assessed by the level of plasma cytokines (TNF, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10 receptor antagonist IL-1 (RAIL), INF-γ, IL-2, IL-17), components of complement (C3, CA, C4, C5, CA), inhibitors (factor H, C1-inhibitor), immunoglobulin classes IgM, IgG, IgA, metabolic changes (concentrations of acylhydrazines, malondialdehyde, ceruloplasmin), C-reactive protein, neopterin concentrations, stable metabolites of nitric oxide, the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant activity of blood serum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Laboratory and clinical efficacy of the combinations of neuroprotective and antioxidant drugs in DE reduced in the following order: actovegin and cereton → emoxipine and piracetam → cerebrolysin and mexidol.

DSLET and ACTH(4-10) increase mitotic activity of hepatocytes and suppress antibody production.

The mitotic index of hepatocytes remained unchanged after 10 intraperitoneal injections of DSLET and ACTH(4-10) in doses of 0.5, 1.5, and 5 microg/kg, but increased after injection of these substances in doses of 50 and 150 microg/kg. DSLET in doses of 5, 50, and 150 microg/kg decreased the number of antibody-producing cells in the spleen. ACTH(4-10) possessed immunosuppressive activity not only in these doses, but also in a dose of 1.5 microg/kg. As differentiated from mitotic activity of hepatocytes, the degree of immunosuppression increased with increasing the dose of test peptides.

Tripeptide Gly-His-Lys is a hepatotropic immunosuppressor.

Ten intraperitoneal injections of tripeptide Gly-His-Lys in doses of 1.5, 5, 50, 150, and 450 mg/kg stimulated mitotic activity of hepatocytes and dose-dependently suppressed immune reactivity (number of antibody-producing cells and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction).