Laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal ligation for pediatric inguinal hernia: a novel surgical treatment.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic repair is widely performed for the management of pediatric inguinal hernia (PIH), and different laparoscopic surgical methods are used. Herein, we present the application of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal ligation (TEPL), which is a novel surgical method for PIH repair and is similar to traditional high ligation. METHODS: In this study, 103 pediatric patients underwent laparoscopic TEPL for inguinal hernia. Data including demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, time of surgery, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The patient's median age at surgery was 4.3 years, and the median body weight at surgery was 18 kg. The preoperative diagnoses were as follows: n = 53, right inguinal hernia; n = 45, left inguinal hernia; and n = 5, bilateral inguinal hernia. All patients were discharged on the day of surgery. The operative times were 27.2 min for unilateral inguinal hernia and 28.8 min for bilateral inguinal hernia. All patients, except one who had scrotal bruise, did not present with postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic TEPL, which is similar to traditional high ligation, is used for the treatment of PIH. Moreover, it is safe, beneficial, and feasible. Double ligation is performed on the extraperitoneal space, and the assessment of contralateral patent processus vaginalis is not complex. However, further studies should be conducted to assess for long-term outcomes.

Correlation between Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) during Pregnancy and Congenital Anomalies: Its Surgical Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can easily penetrate blood vessels and tissues through the human respiratory tract and cause various health problems. Some studies reported that particular matter (PM) exposure during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight or congenital cardiovascular anomalies. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the degree of exposure to PM ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) during pregnancy and congenital anomalies relevant to the field of pediatric surgery. METHODS: Mother-infant dyads with registered addresses in the Metropolitan City were selected during 3 years. The electronic medical records of mothers and neonates were retrospectively analyzed, with a focus on maternal age at delivery, date of delivery, gestation week, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) or hypertension, parity, the residence of the mother and infant, infant sex, birth weight, Apgar score, and presence of congenital anomaly. The monthly PM2.5 concentration from the first month of pregnancy to the delivery was computed based on the mothers' residences. RESULTS: PM2.5 exposure concentration in the second trimester was higher in the congenital anomaly group than in the non-congenital anomaly group (24.82 ± 4.78 µg/m3, P = 0.023). PM2.5 exposure concentration did not affect the incidence of nervous, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal anomalies. While statistically insignificant, the groups with nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and other congenital anomalies were exposed to higher PM2.5 concentrations in the first trimester compared with their respective counterparts. The effect of PM2.5 concentration on the incidence of congenital anomalies was significant even after adjusting for the mother's age, presence of DM, hypertension, and parity. The incidence of congenital anomalies increased by 26.0% (95% confidence interval of 4.3% and 49.2%) per 7.23 µg/m3 elevation of PM2.5 interquartile range in the second trimester. CONCLUSIONS: The congenital anomaly group was exposed to a higher PM2.5 concentration in the second trimester than the non-congenital anomaly group. The PM2.5 exposure concentration level in the first trimester tended to be higher in groups with anomalies than those without anomalies. This suggests that continuous exposure to a high PM2.5 concentration during pregnancy influences the incidence of neonatal anomalies in surgical respects.

Laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia in infants: Comparison with open hernia repair.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernia (LR) in infants in comparison with open hernia repair (OR). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 465 infants treated for inguinal hernia from January 2006 to December 2015. Among them, 124 underwent LR and 341 underwent OR. RESULTS: In the OR group, 16.1% (55/341) primarily underwent bilateral inguinal hernia repair and 13.6% (42/308) subsequently developed metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia during follow-up. In the LR group, 75.8% (94/124) underwent primary bilateral inguinal hernia repair and only 1.6% (2/123) developed metachronous contralateral inguinal hernia. The mean operation times of unilateral inguinal hernia repair showed no statistical differences between LR and OR. However, the mean operation times of bilateral inguinal hernia repair were shorter in LR (39.8±10.4 vs. 51.1±14.4min, p<0.001). Postoperative recurrence and wound infection showed no statistical differences between the groups, but postoperative scrotal swelling was more common in OR (0.0% vs. 4.0%, p=0.006). CONCLUSION: LR in infants showed a lower incidence of metachronous hernia, shorter operation times, and better postoperative course than OR. LR could be considered the primary operation method in infants with inguinal hernia. LEVELS OF EVIDENCE: Prognosis Study, Retrospective Study, Level III.

Review of 100 cases of single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

PURPOSE: Single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy (SPLC) is a new advanced technique in laparoscopic surgery. Many laparoscopic surgeons seek to gain skill in this new technique. However, little data has been accumulated and published formally yet. This article reports the achievement of 100 cases of SPLC with the hopes it will encourage laparoscopic surgery centers in the early adoption of SPLC. METHODS: A retrospective review of 100 prospectively selected cases of SPLC was carried out. All patients had received elective SPLC by a single surgeon in our center from May 2009 to December 2010. Our review suggests patients' character, perioperative data and postoperative outcomes. RESULTS: Forty-two men and 58 women with an average age of 45.8 years had received SPLC. Their mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.85 kg/m(2). The mean operating time took 76.75 minutes. However, operating time was decreased according to the increase of experience of SPLC cases. Twenty-one cases were converted to multi-port surgery. BMI, age, previous low abdominal surgical history did not seem to affect conversion to multi-port surgery. No cases were converted to open surgery. Mean duration of hospital stay was 2.18 days. Six patients had experienced complications from which they had recovered after conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: SPLC is a safe and practicable technique. The operating time is moderate and can be reduced with the surgeon's experience. At first, strict criteria was indicated for SPLC, however, with surgical experience, the criteria and area of SPLC can be broadened. SPLC is occupying a greater domain of conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Anastomosis by use of compression anastomosis ring (CAR™ 27) in laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colonic tumor.

PURPOSE: The safety and efficacy of the compression anastomosis ring (CAR™ 27) had been demonstrated by animal studies. This study was designed to evaluate clinical validity of the CAR™ 27 anastomosis in laparoscopic surgery for patients with left-sided colonic neoplasm. METHODS: Intracorporeal anastomosis using the CAR™ 27 (CAR group) was performed in 66 patients (male 35; median age, 64.5 years), and short-term results were compared with consecutive 116 patients (male 70; median age, 64 years) where the anastomosis was constructed by double stapling technique using a circular stapler for the same indications (stapled group). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, and distribution of pathologic lesion. The laparoscopic procedures, pathologic diagnosis/stage, and length of operation time and postoperative hospital stay were comparable between the two groups. Conversion rate in the CAR and stapled group was 3% and 6%, respectively. There was no surgical mortality in either group. No intraoperative complications associated with the CAR™ 27 anastomosis were encountered. One patient in the CAR group was complicated by anastomotic leakage and none in the stapled group (p = 0.36). There was intestinal obstruction in two patients, in whom one required re-operation for entrapped small bowel adhesions within pelvis. No patient in either group showed symptomatic anastomotic stricture. CONCLUSIONS: The anastomosis using the CAR™ 27 is an innovative technique. The CAR™ 27 anastomosis in patients undergoing laparoscopic colectomy for left-sided colonic tumor proved to be a safe and efficacious alternative to the standard double stapling technique.

A case of cerebral infarct in combined antiphospholipid antibody and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a serious complication of ovulation induction and has a diverse clinical spectrum from edema to thromboembolism. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, one of the well known hypercoagulable states, can be also manifested as an arterial or venous thrombosis and recurrent spontaneous abortion. Sometimes a patient with antiphospholipid antibodies might not notice a miscarriage and seek for assisted reproduction treatment, which harbors a chance of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. If this happens, the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can exacerbate the thrombotic complication of underlying antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, resulting in a catastrophic vascular event. The authors experienced a case of middle cerebral artery infarct, which developed during ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a 33-yr-old woman with a previous history of fetal loss. An elevated titer of anticardiolipin antibodies was noticed and persisted thereafter. The authors suggest screening tests for the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation.