Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus effects on immune response - a new issue in cancer treatment.

BACKGROUND: Millions of people are diagnosed with cancer each year, and fighting it puts a heavy financial burden on communities and governments. Numerous advances have been made in the field of cancer; one of the newest methods is using oncolytic viruses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus wild-type strains (NDV-WTS) on the immune system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty mice were divided into four groups (10 animals in each group). The control group received phosphate buffered saline, and experimental group 1 (NDV-WTS 1), experimental group 2 (NDV-WTS 2), and experimental group 3 (NDV-WTS 3) received 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 titers of Newcastle virus on 0, 14th, and 28th days. On the 31st day, 100 µL of Newcastle virus was injected into the left footpads of animals. After 48 hours, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions were measured. On the 33rd day, peritoneal macrophages were isolated. Then proliferation of the cells was measured by the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) test. Neutral red uptake and respiratory burst of peritoneal macrophages were also assessed. Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS, version 19. RESULTS: The results of the DTH test showed that footpad swelling in control, NDV-WTS 1, NDV-WTS 2, and NDV-WTS 3 groups were 23.5%, 23.5%, 23.6% and 23.6%. No significant differences were seen between the groups in this regard (P > 0.05). A negative nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test as an indicator of macrophage's respiratory burst, showed no significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05). The neutral red uptake assay and MTT test showed no significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that NDV-WTS in doses of 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 have no adverse effects on healthy normal cells.

Evaluation of the frequency of food allergens based on skin prick test in children in Kurdistan Province -Iran

Introduction: Food allergy refers to abnormal reactions of the body caused by an immune system response to food. This study was conducted aiming to investigate allergy to food allergens in children with food allergies. Materials and methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional one on 304 children aged six months to seven years with food allergies admitted to the tertiary referral hospital in Kurdistan Province - Iran, during 2014-2015. All the patients were examined for skin prick test using 49 allergens. Finally, the obtained data were analysed using SPSS15 and chi-square and t tests. Results: The highest percentage of occurrence of bump reaction (wheal) and redness (flare) was due to the consumption of fish, eggs, tomatoes, and cocoa. Moreover, the lowest rate of wheal and flare was caused by exposure to allergens like latex, tea, malt, and wheat flour. The reaction most created due to the consumption of foods was flare which was higher among under three-year-olds group (p < 0.05), and between the sexes, girls showed the most common allergic reactions (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Since food allergy has a high prevalence in children, it should be considered with great interest. Considering that avoiding food allergens is the first step in the treatment of food allergies, the present study may be a useful guide in this regard (AU)

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Evaluation of the frequency of food allergens based on skin prick test in children in Kurdistan Province - Iran.

INTRODUCTION: Food allergy refers to abnormal reactions of the body caused by an immune system response to food. This study was conducted aiming to investigate allergy to food allergens in children with food allergies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional one on 304 children aged six months to seven years with food allergies admitted to the tertiary referral hospital in Kurdistan Province - Iran, during 2014-2015. All the patients were examined for skin prick test using 49 allergens. Finally, the obtained data were analysed using SPSS15 and chi-square and t tests. RESULTS: The highest percentage of occurrence of bump reaction (wheal) and redness (flare) was due to the consumption of fish, eggs, tomatoes, and cocoa. Moreover, the lowest rate of wheal and flare was caused by exposure to allergens like latex, tea, malt, and wheat flour. The reaction most created due to the consumption of foods was flare which was higher among under three-year-olds group (p<0.05), and between the sexes, girls showed the most common allergic reactions (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Since food allergy has a high prevalence in children, it should be considered with great interest. Considering that avoiding food allergens is the first step in the treatment of food allergies, the present study may be a useful guide in this regard.

Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in asthmatic patients and its relation with asthma severity, lung function and BMI

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is one of the diseases which has a high prevalence in developed and developing countries. The relationship between asthma and obesity has always been focused by researchers. In this field, adipokines, especially adiponectin and leptin have highly attended by the scientist. The aim of this study was to determine the serum level of adiponectin, leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio in asthmatic patients and its relationship with disease severity, lung function and BMI (body mass index). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 90 asthmatic women admitted to the tertiary referral hospital in Kurdistan province - Iran, were examined. First, BMI was measured and then pulmonary function tests were performed in all asthmatics patient. Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, were measured. At the end, blood samples were collected and serum level of adiponectin and leptin were measured by ELISA method. RESULT: Serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels correlated positively with asthma severity and BMI (p = 0.0001), but there was no correlation between adiponectin level with asthma severity and BMI (p > 0.05), also serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels inversely correlated with FEV1 and FVC in patient (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Asthma is linked with obesity, and there is an association between asthma severity and BMI with serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels, but our results do not support a significant role of adiponectin in obesity or asthma

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Serum levels of adiponectin and leptin in asthmatic patients and its relation with asthma severity, lung function and BMI.

INTRODUCTION: Asthma is one of the diseases which has a high prevalence in developed and developing countries. The relationship between asthma and obesity has always been focused by researchers. In this field, adipokines, especially adiponectin and leptin have highly attended by the scientist. The aim of this study was to determine the serum level of adiponectin, leptin and the leptin/adiponectin ratio in asthmatic patients and its relationship with disease severity, lung function and BMI (body mass index). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 90 asthmatic women admitted to the tertiary referral hospital in Kurdistan province - Iran, were examined. First, BMI was measured and then pulmonary function tests were performed in all asthmatics patient. Forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC, were measured. At the end, blood samples were collected and serum level of adiponectin and leptin were measured by ELISA method. RESULT: Serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels correlated positively with asthma severity and BMI (p=0.0001), but there was no correlation between adiponectin level with asthma severity and BMI (p>0.05), also serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels inversely correlated with FEV1 and FVC in patient (p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Asthma is linked with obesity, and there is an association between asthma severity and BMI with serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin levels, but our results do not support a significant role of adiponectin in obesity or asthma.

The relationship between serum levels of vitamin D with asthma and its symptom severity: A case-control study

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterised by chronic inflammatory airways, and is affected by several immunological factors. One of the most discussed and researched hypotheses is the relationship between vitamin D serum levels with asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D serum levels with asthma and pulmonary functions in children in Kurdistan province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, 120 children ranging from 6 to 18 years were referred in summer for investigation. Participants were divided into two groups: asthma group, N=60; and control group, N=60. After serum separation, samples were analysed using vitamin D ELISA kit. Additionally, pulmonary function test and serum IgE levels were measured in both groups. Data were analysed using Chi-square test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS15. RESULTS: No difference was shown between the groups in terms of gender composition (male: 57.5; female: 42.5) (P>0.05). Average Vitamin D serum level in the case group (17.98±8.68) was less than in control group (22.35±6.26) (P<0.01). In addition, the difference of vitamin D deficiency in level of suboptimal between the asthma (17.77±6.41) and the control group (24.9±3.18) was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Positive correlation existed between vitamin D levels with FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. Multiple regression analysis showed a reverse relationship between vitamin D levels with IgE serum levels; this remained after adjustment for potential confounders (e.g. age, sex, BMI, FEV1, and FVC). CONCLUSION: The results showed that serum levels of vitamin D in asthma patients were less than in healthy people, and also reduced lung function in these patients. So, the serum levels of vitamin D in asthma patients must be checked continuously

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The relationship between serum levels of vitamin D with asthma and its symptom severity: A case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterised by chronic inflammatory airways, and is affected by several immunological factors. One of the most discussed and researched hypotheses is the relationship between vitamin D serum levels with asthma. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D serum levels with asthma and pulmonary functions in children in Kurdistan province, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, 120 children ranging from 6 to 18 years were referred in summer for investigation. Participants were divided into two groups: asthma group, N=60; and control group, N=60. After serum separation, samples were analysed using vitamin D ELISA kit. Additionally, pulmonary function test and serum IgE levels were measured in both groups. Data were analysed using Chi-square test and multiple regression analysis in SPSS15. RESULTS: No difference was shown between the groups in terms of gender composition (male: 57.5; female: 42.5) (P>0.05). Average Vitamin D serum level in the case group (17.98±8.68) was less than in control group (22.35±6.26) (P<0.01). In addition, the difference of vitamin D deficiency in level of suboptimal between the asthma (17.77±6.41) and the control group (24.9±3.18) was statistically significant (P<0.0001). Positive correlation existed between vitamin D levels with FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC. Multiple regression analysis showed a reverse relationship between vitamin D levels with IgE serum levels; this remained after adjustment for potential confounders (e.g. age, sex, BMI, FEV1, and FVC). CONCLUSION: The results showed that serum levels of vitamin D in asthma patients were less than in healthy people, and also reduced lung function in these patients. So, the serum levels of vitamin D in asthma patients must be checked continuously.