Effect of Fiber Sizing Levels on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Composites.

Fiber sizing is one of the most important components in manufacturing composites by affecting mechanical properties, including strength and stiffness. The sizing of manmade fibers offers many advantages, such as improving fiber/matrix adhesion and bonding properties, protecting fiber surfaces from damage during the processing and weaving stages, and enhancing the surface wettability of polymer matrices. In this work, the influence of fiber sizing levels on carbon fibers' (CFs) mechanical properties is reported at room temperature using single fiber tensile testing (Favimat+), single fiber pullout testing (SFPO), and interfacial elemental analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Standard modulus CFs (7 ± 0.2 µm in diameter) were sized using two commercially available Michelman sizing formulations. The average solid content for each sizing formulation was 26.3 ± 0.2% and 34.1 ± 0.2%, respectively. HEXION RIMR 135 with curing agent RIMH 137 was used as a model thermoset epoxy matrix during SFPO measurements. A predictive engineering fiber sizing methodology was also developed. Sizing amounts of 0.5, 1, and 2 wt.% on the fiber surface were achieved for both sizing formulations. For each fiber size level, 50 single-fiber tensile testing experiments and 20 single-fiber pull-out tests were conducted. The ultimate tensile strength (σult) of the carbon fibers and the interfacial shear strength (τapp) of the single fiber composite were analyzed. The sizing levels' effect on interfacial shear stress and the O/C (Oxygen/Carbon) surface composition ratio was investigated. Based on our experimental findings, an increase of 6% in fiber performance was recorded for ultimate tensile and interfacial shear strengths. As a result, generalized fiber sizing and characterization methods were established. These developed methods can be used to characterize the strength and interfacial shear strength of manmade fibers with different sizing formulations and solid contents irrespective of the matrix, i.e., thermoset or thermoplastic.

Porous membrane structures as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography.

This work presents the application of membrane technology for the fabrication of stationary phase for CEC columns using the technique based on phase inversion of polymer solution. A blend of polyimide P84 and sulphonated poly(ether ether ketone was processed via immersion precipitation dry-wet spinning into small-bore porous fiber. The morphology, zeta potential, and performance of the porous structure in the CEC separation were investigated. Noncharged molecules (as markers of the electroosmotic flow) and small organic compounds were injected into the column, driven under the application of voltage, and detected on the electropherogram. The proof of concept of applying porous membrane structure as stationary phase for CEC was shown and possible optimization to improve efficiency and selectivity was suggested.