[Membrane potential equations].

In the electrostatic approximation, the problem on the propagation of an electric signal along a thin layer that models a cell membrane has been considered. On both sides of the membrane, volume conductors with different properties are present. Different types of boundary conditions have been investigated. In the cases of a cylindrical fiber and a plane layer, solutions have been found and compared with the relations used in the classical Hodgkin-Huxley cable theory of membrane potential propagation. Conditions under which the results obtained coincide with the conclusions of this theory have been formulated. It is shown that the results are in agreement with the cable theory only if the system is completely symmetric and the near-membrane layers are thin.

[Comparative study of special products "Tetraphen" and "Phenyl-free" in diet therapy of children with phenylketonuria]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka ispol'zovaniia spetsializirovannykh produktov "Tetrafen" i "Fenil-fri" v dietoterapii detei, bol'nykh fenilketonuriei.

Basing on the comparative clinical and biochemical evaluation of the usage of the specialized product "Tetraphen" (Russia) and early utilized product "Phenyl-Free" (USA) it has been shown that "Tetraphen" does not yield to "Phenyl-Free", while some of its parameters (energy value, carbohydrate content) even in the higher degree correspond to the physiologic requirements of this aged children suffering from phenylketonuria. Intake of this product in smaller doses completely covers their requirements for the basic food ingredients. High frequency of carotenoids insufficiency in children received both "Tetraphen" and "Phenyl-Free" demonstrate necessity of the diet correction by means of beta-carotene additional supplementation.

[Structural and functional parameters of the myocardium and atrial natriuretic peptide in atrial fibrillation]. / Pokazateli strukturno-funktsional'nogo sostoianiia miokarda i predserdnyi natriiureticheskii peptid pri mertsatel'noi aritmii.

The plasma level of atrial natriuretic factor and its relation to intracardiac and systemic hemodynamic parameters were examined in patients with coronary heart, rheumatic and mitral valvular diseases, neurocirculatory dystonia which were complicated by atrial fibrillation. The concentration of atrial natriuretic factor was found to vary with the left ventricular myocardial mass, left atrial contractility, antiarrhythmic therapy intensity and efficacy.

[Methodological approaches to a statistical analysis of the data from a population survey of children in a study of the causes of obesity]. / Nekotorye metodicheskie podkhody k statisticheskomu analizu dannykh populiatsionnogo obsledovaniia detei pri izuchenii prichin ozhireniia.

To elaborate unified criteria for the physical development evaluation in children, a comparison was made of two populations of children in the Estonian SSR: with normal and excessive body mass (EBM). The investigation was conducted by the cohort type, the children were divided into groups according to their age, sex, residence and nationality. To study the influence of the above factors on the distribution of Quetelet's index (the basic parameters of EBM) in the population of children in the Estonian SSR, a criterion was used, characterizing variations of the populations with respect to each of the factors with due regard for the rest factors. It has been established that in the evaluation of the physical development of children the differences in the distribution of Quetelet's index should be considered taking into account sex, nationality and residence of children.

[Characteristics of the actual nutrition of Estonian and Finnish children]. / Kharakteristika fakticheskogo pitaniia éstonskikh i finskikh detei.

The initial stage of the joint Soviet-Finnish scientific investigations of the risk factors of obesity in children is presented in the paper. The investigations were conducted by the Nutrition Department of the Institute of Nutrition of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, in the Estonian SSR, and the Helsinki University in Finland. The authors have analyzed daily intake of varying food products by children aged from 1 to 15 years, as well as daily average-energy consumption with food ration as a whole and separately at the expense of protein, fatty and carbohydrate components of food rations of these children. Although children in the Estonian SSR and in Finland receive different food products, the energy value of the food ration and percent distribution of energy with respect to separate food ingredients in the children investigated were practically similar.

[Blood serum proteins studied by a method of polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in children with phenylketonuria]. / Issledovanie belkov syvorotki krovi metodom disk-élektroforeza v poliakrilamidnom gele u detee, bol'nykh fenilketonuriei.

Protein spectra of blood serum were studied in 25 children suffering from phenlyketonuria (PKU) by disc electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. 14 children were examined in the course of being given a specialized diet on the basis of berlafen and 11 children were examined after they were switched over to common diet. PKU patients had an increased protein content in the zone of transferrins. After switching over to common diet the patients demonstrated the reduced protein content, increased amount of postalbumins of medium and low electrophoretic mobility, and transferrins as well.

[Relationship between the severity of brain damage in phenylketonuria and the degree of hyperphenylalaninemia]. / Zavisimost' tiazhesti porazheniia mozga pri fenilketonurii ot stepeni giperfenilalaninemii.

The frequency of the various degrees of the intellectual defect and convulsive syndrome was studied in 473 patients with phenylketonuria divided into four groups as regards the phenylalanine blood level, that was 150 to 199 mg/l in group I, 200 to 299 mg/l in group II, 300 to 399 mg/l in group III, and 400 mg/l and higher in group IV. A substantial increase of the number of patients with grave mental derangement and epileptic seizures was noted in groups II and IV: this shows that the risk of the grave mental affection is the greater the higher the phenylalanine serum level. An increased number of patients with a slight intellectual derangement in group I (43.2%) was noted, while in all other groups, the frequency of the mild course of the disease remained stable (about 7.5%). Possibility of existence of several pathogenic thresholds of hyperphenylalaninemia, as well as possible mechanisms of brain protection are discussed.

[Dynamics of the humoral immunity indices in children with phenylketonuria against a background of diet therapy and after its discontinuance]. / Dinamika nekotorykh pokazatelei gumoral'nogo immuniteta u detei, bol'nykh fenilketonuriei, na fone dieticheskogo lecheniia i posle ego otmeny.

The paper concerns variations in some parameters of humoral immunity in children with phenylketonuria examined at varying time (in the presence of specific dietetics and after its discontinuation). It is concluded that in children over 5 years of age, the hyperphenylalaninemia newly occurring after discontinuation of dietetics does not exert any material effect on the function of the mature enough immune system.

[Assessment of the adaptational potentials of the body of children with phenylketonuria to diets including berlofen in long-term diet therapy]. / Otsenka adaptatsionnykh vozmozhnostei organizma detei, bol'nykh fenilketonuriei, k dietam s vkliucheniem berlofena pri dlitel'noi dietoterapii.

The state of the nitrogen balance and physical development of 14 children ill with phenylketonuria (PKU), aged from 5 1/2 to 8 years, kept on a long dietotherapy for 21/2--61/2 years and subsequent application of a broadened ration of alimentation, was studied. A lengthy dietotherapy is shown to bring about an adaptation of child's organism to restricted phenylalanine in the food, but a diet with berlophen is not optimal for the normal physical development of children suffering from PKU. In children aged over 5 a broadened diet is suggested.

[Dietary treatment of children with phenylketonuria]. / Dieticheskoe lechenie detei, bol'nykh fenilketonuriei.

The sole method of treating phenylketonuria, a grave hereditary illness, is at present dietary cure. A principle for formulating therapeutic rations in this pathology is set forth, and approximate menus for children of different age groups are presented. Exclusion from the ration of an ill children of basic proteinaceous products securing a normal growth and development of the developing organism, requires a painstaking observence of the proposed rations. As the main source of protein at the time of the patient's treatment various protein hydrolysates are used. A way of correcting curative diets for children of various age is indicated. The treatment should be conducted under a strict biochemical control.

[B group and ascorbic acid vitamin allowance of the therapeutic rations of phenylketonuria patients]. / Izuchenie obespechenosti lechebnykh ratsionov bol'nykh fenilketo-nuriei vitaminami gruppy B i askorbinovoi kislotoi.

The allowance of the vitamin group B and ascorbic acid in specialized rations for children suffering from phenylketonuria was studied. A significant deficiency in a number of the study vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin, ascorbic acid) was detected, this being confirmed by the excretary findings. Inclusion of protein-free and of products enriched with vitamins in the ration could not fully correct the diet as concerns the study vitamins. An additional administration of vitamins in the form of preparations led to their passage with the urine reaching normal or higher levels.

[The activity of glutathione-reductase and FAD-effect as indicators of the riboflavin level in experiments and in patients with phenylketonuria]. / Aktivnost' gliutation-reduktazy i FAD-effekt kak pokazateli obespechennosti riboflavinom V eksperimente i u bol'nykh fenilketonuriei

Subjects of discussion in the paper are various methods of determining the riboflavin allowances and the results achieved by the application of two of them that concern determining the activity of the glutathione-reductase and the FAD-effect in the study of an experimental B2-deficiency in rats and the riboflavin allowances in children suffering from phenylketonuria. Exclusion of vitamin B2 from the ration of rats resulted in that in 8 weeks they developed B2-deficiency ascertained with the help of the above cited enzymatic tests. In a certain percentage of children with phenylketonuria after discontinued administration of group "B" vitamins (D1 diet) there could be observed an intensification of the FAD-effect and, accordingly, a reduced glutathione-reductase activity. Resumed taking of the vitamins (D2 diet) normalized the riboflavin allowance values in at least, one week's time.