Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA Expression Supports Biological Distinctness of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in the Background of Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: The clinicopathological distinctness of oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC-OSF) is well known; however, the molecular distinctness of this unique OSCC-OSF has not been investigated to date. With this in mind, we compared the expression of Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA between OSCC-OSF and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 105 OSCC-OSF and 112 OSCC cases were subjected to immunohistochemistry for evaluation of Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA expression. RESULTS: Ki67 (labeling index) LI, MVD and α-SMA expression were significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSF. Ki67 LI and MVD was significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSF in parameters such as well-differentiated, early TNM stage, non-metastatic, and more than 3-year survival. α-SMA expression was significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSF in parameters such as moderate differentiation, metastatic lesions, and survival less than 3 years. Ki67 LI, MVD and α-SMA showed significant positive correlation with each other in OSCC and OSCC-OSF. CONCLUSION: Proliferation, neoangiogenesis and myofibroblast differentiation were significantly higher in the OSCC group compared to the OSCC-OSF group. This suggests the biological distinctness of OSCC-OSF, which could help the future development of targeted therapies.

Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA expressions better relate the binary oral epithelial dysplasia grading system of World Health Organization.

BACKGROUND: The binary system of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) has never been investigated with reference to the carcinogenesis-related biomarkers. Hence, Ki67, CD105, and α-SMA immune-expressions were studied in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to assess their relationship with the binary OED grading system of World Health Organization. METHODS: The study was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissues of 30 normal oral mucosa (NOM) and 140 OPMD cases. OPMD cases were classified into two groups "no/questionable/hyperkeratosis/mild"=low-risk epithelial dysplasia (LRED) and "moderate or severe"=high-risk epithelial dysplasia (HRED). The immunohistochemistry was carried out to evaluate the expression of Ki67, CD 105, and α-SMA antigen. RESULTS: According to the binary grading system of WHO, 69 (49.28%) cases were LRED, while 71 (50.71%) case showed HRED. There was significant increase in Ki67 labeling index (LI) from NOM to LRED to HRED (P=.000). Similarly, mean vascular density (MVD) also increased significantly from NOM to LRED to HRED (P=.000). The α-SMA expression was significantly higher in HERD compared to LRED and NOM (P=.000). A positive correlation was noted among Ki67 LI, MVD, and α-SMA expressions in NOM, LRED, and HRED (P=.000). CONCLUSION: The expressions of ki67, CD105, and α-SMA markers compliment binary grading system of OED in OPMDS, thus justifying its use in clinical practice.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity with better prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC-OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). METHODS: A total of 217 cases of OSCC were retrieved from achieves for the analysis. OSCC-OSMF cases were segregated on the basis of history and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS: The study included 217 patients of which 112 had OSCC and 105 OSCC-OSMF. OSCC-OSMFs were younger compared with OSCC. Overall oral cancer was noted predominantly in males compared to females. The number of OSCC-OSMF was more in clinical TNM stage I and stage II as compared to OSCC, whereas the number of OSCC was more in stage III and stage IV compared to OSCC-OSMF. Histological presentation of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more in OSCC-OSMF compared to OSCC, whereas moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSMF. Regional lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSMF. Three-year disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in OSCC-OSMF compared to OSCC. CONCLUSION: The OSCC-OSMF was found to be a clinicopathologically distinct entity with a better grade of tumor differentiation, less incidence of nodal metastases, and early detection (early clinical TNM stage) compared to OSCC. All these factors probably contribute to a better prognosis and increased 3-year disease-free survival in OSCC-OSMF patients.

Tumor angiogenesis: role in locally aggressive biological behavior of ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess and compare angiogenesis in ameloblastoma, keratocystic odontogenic tumors, dentigerous cysts, and normal oral mucosa. METHODS: Angiogenesis was assessed in 28 ameloblastoma-36 keratocystic odontogenic tumors, 28 dentigerous cysts, and 19 normal oral mucosa by measuring the mean vascular density (MVD), total vascular area (TVA) and mean vascular area (MVA). Immunohistochemistry was carried out by using CD105. RESULTS: The nonsignificant difference of MVD was noted between ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (p = .174). TVA and MVA were significantly higher in ameloblastoma than keratocystic odontogenic tumors, normal oral mucosa, and dentigerous cysts (p < .001). MVD, TVA, and MVA were significantly higher in keratocystic odontogenic tumors than normal oral mucosa and dentigerous cysts (p < .001). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that tumor angiogenesis may play an important role in locally invasive aggressive biologic behavior of ameloblastoma and keratocystic odontogenic tumor. The angiogenesis could be a potent target for developing antiangiogenic therapeutic strategies, particularly in recurrent cases of odontogenic tumors.

Enhanced nitrosative and oxidative stress with decreased total antioxidant capacity in patients with oral precancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: Interaction between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a crucial determinant in the etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and antioxidants protect against cellular and molecular damage caused by these. This study aims to evaluate ROS and RNS, together with the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in serum and tissues of OSCC patients. METHOD: Total nitric oxide (TNO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and TAC were evaluated using a UV visible spectrophotometer in the serum of 30 controls, 30 precancer and 30 OSCC patients and in tissues of 10 controls and 30 OSCC patients. RESULTS: MDA and TNO were significantly elevated with concomitant depletion of TAC in serum and tissues of OSCC patients when compared to controls. A significant positive correlation (p = 0.01), at different levels between TNO and MDA in OSCC patients, was found, which increased with the grade of OSCC. CONCLUSION: An increase in the levels of TNO, NO-mediated lipid peroxidation, resulting in an increase in MDA levels, the positive TNO-MDA correlation with a deranged antioxidant defense system as demonstrated by significantly low levels of TAC; when all these facts are taken together, we can conjecture that oxidative DNA damage, a vital phenomenon for carcinogenesis, occurs due to the interplay of ROS, RNS and TAC.