The how and what of modern religious transmission and its implications for families.

The number of individuals who were raised in a religious household but have now disaffiliated from religion continues to rise. As religious differences between parents and their children can have negative effects on family relationships, renewed attention is needed regarding current trends in religious transmission. Through 109 interviews with religious parents (N = 138), we qualitatively explored how parents are currently trying to transmit their religion to their children and identified the following 4 themes: (a) parental example, (b) religious community influence, (c) religious practices, and (d) rules and boundaries. We further explored what aspects of their religion were most important to parents to pass on to their children and identified the following 3 themes: (a) a belief in God, (b) to love, serve, and respect others, and (c) good morals. Utilizing generative devotion as our theoretical framework, implications, applications, and ideas for future research are offered, with attention given to how family relationships can be strengthened and protected, even when religious transmission fails. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Positive parenting of children with developmental disabilities: a meta-analysis.

Although a large body of literature exists supporting the relationship between positive parenting and child outcomes for typically developing children, there are reasons to analyze separately the relevant literature specific to children with developmental disabilities. However, that literature has not been synthesized in any systematic review. This study examined the association between positive parenting attributes and outcomes of young children with developmental disabilities through meta-analytic aggregation of effect sizes across 14 studies including 576 participants. The random effects weighted average effect size was r=.22 (SE=.06, p<.001), indicative of a moderate association between positive parenting attributes and child outcomes. Publication bias did not appear to be a substantial threat to the results. There was a trend for studies with more mature parents to have effect sizes of higher magnitude than studies with young parents. The results provide support for efforts to evaluate and promote effective parenting skills when providing services for young children with disabilities.