Influence of rectus eye muscles tenotomy on the aqueous humor composition in rabbits.

INTRODUCTION: Anterior segment ischaemia manifesting in aqueous malformation may follow tenotomy of the extraocular muscles. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tenotomy of 2 or 4 rectus eye muscles was performed on the right eyes of 23 adult rabbits. The aqueous humor was withdrawn from the anterior chamber of both eyes in 7 rabbits on the 11th, on the 22nd in 8 and on the 32nd postoperative day in 8 rabbits. Aqueous natrium, potassium and glucose concentrations and protein electrophoresis were examined. RESULTS: The only significant change was lower mean aqueous potassium concentration in the operated eyes as compared to controls on the 11th postoperative day. CONCLUSION: Tenotomy of rectus eye muscles in healthy rabbits evoked a discrete blood-aqueous barrier break-down.

[Lacrimation disorders in workers chronically exposed to petroleum derivatives]. / Zaburzenia wydzielania lez u pracowników narazonych na przewlekle oddzialywanie pochodnych ropy naftowej.

Lacrimal fluid plays a very significant role in maintaining proper functions of conjuctivas, cornea and eyelids. The fluid is secreted by the main lacrimal gland and additional glands. It produces the so called preocular lacrimal film. A number of clinical tests, such as Chirmer's tests I and II, break-up-time (BUT), lysozyme, and flow tests are used in quantitative and qualitative analyses, as well as in the determination of the lacrimal film stability. The aim of work was to utilize these in assessing the lacrimal secretion and the lacrimal film stability in workers chronically exposed to petroleum derivatives. Fifty three workers from departments of acetobenzene, benzene and butadiene, phenol and acetone, sewage waters, asphalt oxidas, polyethylene and polypropylene, were eligible for the study (group I). During previous examinations, acquired disorders in colour perception were diagnosed in all the subjects by means of the Mansuella-Fansworth 100-Hue test. The age range was 25 to 56 years, with a mediane of 44.1 years +/- 6.5. Mean duration of employment was 22 years (SD +/- 8.25). The control group (group II) was composed of 28 men aged between 24 and 60 years with a median of 42.7 years +/- 6.3, never employed under conditions of exposure to toxic chemicals. On the right eye of each subject Schirmer's test was performed after instilling into the conjunctival sac 1-2 drops of Alcain solution according to Whitcher. Five min following anesthesia of the conjunctival sac, a standardised belt of blotting-paper with colour dampness markers Vidisic (Dr Mann Pharma GMBH, Germany) was placed in the vicinity of the external angle of the eye. After 5 min the degree of the belt dampness was measured in millimetres. After 30 min the break-up-time test was performed on the left eye. Fluorescein was released to conjunctival sac from a sterile belt of blotting-paper (Haag-Strait Co.). A slit lamp with cobalt filter was used to calculate time (in sec) that elapsed between opening of the lid slit and the first symptom of breaking-up the lacrimal film. The results obtained were presented in the form of arithmetic means and standard deviation values +/- SD. Schirmer's test was 13.40 +/- 7.43 mm in group 1, and 22.54 +/- 8.25 mm in the control group, mean values differed significantly, p < 0.01. Lacrimal film break-up-time was 16.30 +/- 6.19 sec in group 1, and 31.48 +/- 7.96 sec in the control group, mean values differed significantly, p < 0.01. In persons chronically exposed to petroleum derivatives, statistically significant decrease in lacrimal secretion, as well as shortening of lacrimal film break-up-time were found when compared with the control group.

[Use of periocular and subfascial anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery]. / Zastosowanie znieczulenia okologalkowego i podpochewkowego w operacjach okulistycznych.

The authors described the technique, usefulness and complications of 2 types of local anesthesia applied in patients who underwent ocular surgery. In 25 cases, peribulbar and in 136 sub-Tenon anesthesia were performed. Both methods were evaluated as efficacious. It was found that the simple and safer sub-Tenon anesthesia could replace retrobulbar blockade.

[Complications of retro-ocular blockade and other methods of local anesthesia in ophthalmology]. / Powiklania znieczulenia pozagalkowego i inne metody znieczulen miejscowych w okulistyce.

The authors discussed local and general complications of retrobulbar blockade and methods of decreasing the risk of their occurrence. They also presented the usefulness and complications of other methods of local anesthesia such as peribulbar, subconjunctival, sub-Tenon and superficial.

[Consequences of extraocular rectus muscle myotomy in rabbits--in vivo and pathomorphologic studies]. / Nastepstwa przeciecia miesni prostych oka u królików--badania in vivo i patomorfologiczne.

The aim of investigations was to evaluate the changes in the eyeball, after extraocular rectus muscles myotomy. In 16 rabbits two muscles and in 17 four muscles were cut in one eye; the opposite eye was control. In early postoperative period intraocular pressure was statistically significantly lower, as compared with the control eyes and it depended on the number of cut muscles. In histopathological examination, the most constant changes were dilatation of conjunctival vessels and pigment migration in the anterior uvea. Decreased intraocular pressure and pigment migration in iris and ciliary body were considered to be the symptoms of anterior segment ischemia.

[Obliteration of vessels growing into the cornea with the help of laser energy]. / Zamkniecie naczyn wrastajacych w rogówke za pomoca energii laserowej.

The vessels proliferating into cornea cause epithelium biotransformation and lipid keratopathy, decreasing corneal transparency. In 9 patients (10 eyes) argon laser obliteration of these vessels was performed. In 8 eyes improvement of corneal transparency and visual acuity was achieved, in other two the neovascularization was restrained. The best results were observed in lipid keratopathy.

[Pupillary block in eyes with implanted anterior chamber lenses]. / Blok zrenicy w oczach z wszczepiona soczewka przedniokomorowa.

The authors presented the data concerning pathogenesis, diagnostic principles and methods of treatment of pupillary block in the eyes with intraocular lenses. 3 cases with pupillary block in the eyes with anterior chamber lenses have been presented. Neodymium YAG laser iridotomy was successful in the treatment of these cases.