The value of endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) in the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia.

AIM: To evaluate levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers GRP78 and CHOP in acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) and to examine relations with degrees of AMI-related intestinal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups. Group I and Group III represented the control groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after laparotomy without superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ligation. Group II and Group IV constituted the ischemia groups, from which blood and tissue specimens were collected 2 and 6 h after SMA ligation. The ER stress markers GRP78 and CHOP, total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were investigated in each group. Ileum specimens were assessed in terms of ischemic injury, and appropriate comparisons were performed. RESULTS: Significantly higher GRP78, CHOP, TOS, and TAS values were determined in the ischemia groups (groups II and IV) compared to the control groups (groups I and III). This elevation was greater in the 6 h ischemia group, the group exposed to the greatest ischemic injury (Group IV). Significant and powerful correlation was present between histopathological damage and levels of the ER stress markers and oxidative markers. CONCLUSION: According to our results, ER stress markers (GRP78 and CHOP) increase significantly following ischemic injury. This elevation has the potential to be used diagnostically and also in prognostic terms due to the powerful correlation it exhibits with AMI-related ischemic injury.

Can water lacerate a tendon? A car-wash accident: A lacerated extensor hallucis longus tendon.

Our purpose in this report, involving an unusual mechanism described for the first time in the literature, is to show that high-pressure water sprays used for washing cars can cause injury to the extensor hallucis longus (EHL). A 21-year-old man presented to our emergency department (ED) due to looseness in the hallux. His history revealed that while operating a pressurized water spray machine for car-washing one week before, he had inadvertently sprayed his foot, and despite wearing protective plastic boots this had resulted in a laceration at the level of the hallux, which had been sutured in a state hospital. Cleaning equipment using pressurized water can be dangerous if sufficient safety measures are not taken. We think that such occupational accidents with serious outcomes can be prevented through simple protective measures.