Endotoxin of Porphyromonas gingivalis amplifies the inflammatory response in hyperglycemia-induced zebrafish through a mechanism involving chitinase-like protein YKL-40 analogs.

Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a key pathogen in periodontal diseases, is also associated with hyperglycemia-associated systemic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Gingipains are the most important endotoxins of P. gingivalis, and in vivo studies using gingipains are scarce. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate with high physiological and genetic homology with humans that has multiple co-orthologs for human genes, including inflammation-related proteins. The aim of our study was to determine the effects of gingipain in a hyperglycemia-induced zebrafish model by evaluating inflammation, oxidant-antioxidant status, and the cholinergic system. Adult zebrafish were grouped into the control group (C), hyperglycemia-induced group subjected to 15 days of overfeeding (OF), gingipain-injected group (GP), and gingipain-injected hyperglycemic group (OF + GP). At the end of 15 days, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were measured. Lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase, catalase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and sialic acid (SA) levels were determined spectrophotometrically in the hepatopancreas. The expression levels of tnf-⍺, il-1ß, ins, crp, and the acute phase protein YKL-40 analogs chia.5 and chia.6 were evaluated by RT‒PCR. After two weeks of overfeeding, significantly increased weight gain, FBG, and OGTT confirmed that the zebrafish were hyperglycemic. Increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and AChE and ALP activities were observed in both the overfeeding and GP groups. Amplification of inflammation and oxidative stress was evident in the OF + GP group through increased expression of crp, il-1ß, chia.5, and chia.6 and increased LPO and NO levels. Our results support the role of gingipains in the increased inflammatory response in hyperglycemia-associated diseases.

Orthodontic Extrusion with Circumferential Supracrestal Fiberotomy: A Report of Two Cases.

Surgical extrusion, surgical crown lengthening, and orthodontic extrusion (OE) with circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy (CSF) are reported as effective methods in cases when clinical crowns are destroyed. The aim of these case reports was to evaluate the results of OE+CSF in a canine and a mandibular second molar tooth. Case 1: A 24-year-old male patient was referred with a fracture of the maxillary canine at the subgingival level. After the examinations, OE+CSF was planned. Following leveling-aligning, a mini-screw was placed into the root canal of the canine, and 50 g of extrusive force was applied from the mini-screw to a stainless steel (SS) wire. Case 2: A 67-year-old female patient was referred with a mandibular second molar destroyed at the gingival level. OE+CSF was planned. An extrusive force (50 g) was applied from the segmental SS wire to the hook inserted into the root canal. CSF and root planning (RP) were performed weekly in both patients. Overall, 5 mm of extrusion was achieved for the upper canine after 6 weeks of active extrusion in Case 1. In Case 2, 5 mm of extrusion was achieved after 3 weeks of active extrusion. OE+CSF is an effective and rapid method for the extrusion of teeth with insufficient clinical crown.

Multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of subgingivally fractured anterior teeth.

With the advances in adhesive technology, dentists have gained great popularity with their esthetics treatment options. The enamel and partially dentin adhesive systems have proved their potential effect. This study presents the multidisciplinary approach in the treatment of subgingivally fractured anterior teeth. Empress II crowns were cemented entirely on the prepared root portion of a left maxillary lateral incisor and canine after orthodontic eruption. The clinical results after 2 years were successful.

The use of all-ceramic restorations to splint periodontally compromised teeth: a clinical report.

This clinical report describes the use of an all-ceramic system to restore periodontally compromised teeth. A metal-free post-and-core system and all-ceramic crowns were used to splint the teeth and fulfill the esthetic demands.