RESUMO
On the basis of an abound practice of hygiene standardization, the authors have elaborated a system of fundamental tenets and premises that correspond to the requirements of a universal theory. It includes norms and standards for a living organisms and the environment. The hygiene standardization foundation is based on the principles of guarantee, social-biological balance, complex and dynamics. The tenets stated in the article confirm interrelation and character of the hygiene standards theory formulation and its prognostic function.
Assuntos
Higiene Militar/normas , Saúde Ambiental/normas , Nível de Saúde , Humanos , Militares , Federação Russa , Segurança/normas , Meio SocialRESUMO
The article contains data concerning nosocomial malady and the efficiency of preventive measures. The authors analyse the reasons and the conditions of the increase of hospital-acquired diseases, and show the significance of hospital hygiene.
Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle , Controle de Infecções , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Microbiologia Ambiental , Humanos , Higiene , Federação RussaRESUMO
The paper defines ecological hygiene, a science that combines a preventive trend and comprehensive ecological analysis of man-made changes occurring in the biosphere. Ecological hygiene may be regarded as a science of global human health in relation to ecological situations, of modes of its maintenance, promotion, and improvement. As for its application, ecological hygiene may be determined as a complex of medical preventive research subjects whose purpose is to maintain and promote health by preventing diseases and premature aging. To apply this approach, ecological hygiene studies the environment and its influence on the human body, reveals unfavourable environmental factors and defines the maximum acceptable levels of their influence, works out recommendation how to eliminate unfavourable factors and how to rationally apply useful ones.
Assuntos
Ecologia , Saúde Ambiental , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição , Saúde Ocupacional , PesquisaRESUMO
The article presents principles of a universal theory of hygienic regulation, proves a principle of regulation warranty. Maximal allowable level of laser irradiation (wavelength 0.63 and 10.6 mic) was subjected to feedback test, i.e. health state of the examinees was evaluated after the norm setting. The test proved that the Maximal Allowable Level for laser irradiation needs adjustment.
Assuntos
Física Médica/normas , Lasers/normas , Exposição Ocupacional/normas , Absenteísmo , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Humanos , Lasers/efeitos adversos , Concentração Máxima Permitida , Exposição Ocupacional/efeitos adversos , Federação RussaAssuntos
Ecologia , Saúde Ambiental , Nível de Saúde , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Métodos , Militares , Federação RussaRESUMO
Analysis of literature and the authors' own data suggest that laser-induced occupational disease may be diagnosed in following disorders on the part of: vision--deterioration of light and colour perception, pain and feeling of burning in the eyes; central nervous system--vegetative dysfunction, hypo- or hypertonic neuro-asthenic syndrome manifesting in weakness and fatiguability; cardiovascular system--cardialgias, hypo- or hypertonic neurocirculatory dystonia, hypertonic disease, general weakness, headache; blood--reticulocytosis; enzymes--increase of base phosphatase activity in blood. The whole complex of aforementioned disorders is quite rate (1.5-2% of cases). As a rule, only some of them are evident while sight disorders, vegetative dysfunction and increased activity of base phosphatase predominate.