[Modern views on the relationship between psychoemotional state and the bioelectrical activity of facial muscles]. / Sovremennye predstavleniia o vzaimosviazi psikhoémotsional'nogo sostoianiia i bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti litsevykh myshts.

The paper presents a review of the literature data reflecting the relevance and current views on the problem of facial feedback. It considers the relationship between the bioelectric activity of facial muscles and neuropsychic stress. The modern issues dedicated to the study of the correlation between the indicators assessing the tonic activity of facial muscles and psycho-emotional stress are highlighted. Particular emphasis is placed on the scientific concept of emotional proprioception, according to which facial muscle activity through the trigeminal and facial nerves affects the emotional centers of the brain, by improving or worsening the emotional state. The currently known methods for the correction of psychoemotional states, which are based on the feedback mechanism, are analyzed. The possibilities of using neuromuscular relaxation of the facial muscles to correct psychoemotional conditions are considered.

[The specific features of the psycho-emotional status and the application of psychotherapy for the rehabilitative treatment of the patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis]. / Osobennosti psikhoémotsional'nogo sostoianiia i psikhoterapiia v reabilitatsii bol'nykh revmatoidnym artritom.

The relevance of the problem of rheumatoid arthritis arises from the influence of such factors as its prevalence rate, unpredictability, tendency towards the transition to the chronic form, severe pain syndrome, high levels of disability, and long-term loss of working ability, as well as the accompanying psycho-emotional disorders. The present reviews article was designed to analyze the premorbid personality characteristics, the specifics features of mental health, and the response to the disease in the patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis. Special emphasis is placed on the discusses of the relationship between the intensity of the pain syndrome and psycho-emotional disorders. The factors responsible for the development of the depressive states associated with rheumatoid arthritis are distinguished; they are shown to be related to both pathogenesis and the clinical symptoms of the underlying pathology as well as the general course of the disease and the specific features of the patients' psychological condition. The most extensively applied psychodiagnostics techniques are described, and the commonest psychotherapeutic approaches to the combined therapy and rehabilitation of the patients presenting with rheumatoid arthritis are overviewed.

[The psychodiagnostic aspects of the compliance with treatment in the course of medical rehabilitation]. / Psikhodiagnosticheskie aspekty priverzhennosti k lecheniyu v protsesse meditsinskoi reabilitatsii.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the possibility of using psycho-diagnostic tools for the preventive diagnostics of the patients' adherence to the treatment in the course of medical rehabilitation. The article presents the overview of the available literature concerning the problem of interest. It is shown that the important factors of preventive diagnostics of the compliance include the peculiar steady-state and dynamic features of the individual patients presenting with chronic pathology, their current emotional state, intellectual and motivational preparedness for the active and meaningful participation in the rehabilitation process. The psychometric characteristics of the main methodological techniques that can be used for diagnostics of these parameters are described. Also reported are the data illustrating the necessity of the neuropsychological studies of the higher mental functions as well as formal standard testing and clinical interviewing of the patients by health providers for the purpose of determining the patient's preparedness for the efficient engagement in the process of rehabilitation.

[The specific features of the psycho-emotional state and psychotherapy in the patients suffering from dorsopathies].

The present article presents a review of the premorbid personality traits with special reference to the psychic state and pain-related behaviour characteristics of the patients presenting with dorsopathies. Also discussed is the relationship between the psychoemotional disorders and the intensity of pain syndrome. The psychodiagnostic approaches and techniques most commonly applied for the examination of this group of the patients are considered together with the psychotherapeutic methods used for their combined treatment and follow-up rehabilitative care.

[The personality structure as a basis for the organization of psychological support in the process of medical rehabilitation of the patients presenting with motor function disorders].

We have analyzed the relationships between personality traits and the quality of life in 95 in-patients with motor function disorders undergoing the rehabilitative treatment. It was shown that the high quality of life in the patients suffering from motor function disorders as a result of an acute cerebral circulation disorder correlated with the positive attitudes towards recovering and stress resistance. In the patients presenting with degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints, the high quality of life correlated with the purpose-oriented behaviour and discipline expressed as the commitment to the goal. It was suggested based on the results of the study that the correction of the level of situational and trait anxiety should be regarded as the main end-point of the psychological treatment of the patients with acute cerebral circulation disorders, while the patients suffering from degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the joints could benefit from education designed to enhance compliance to the treatment and motivation for recovery.

[Endoscopic negative GERD: psychogenic nature of somatic complaints].

The aim is to study the characteristics of the operation of psychological defenses in patients with endoscopically negative gastroesophageal reflux disease. On the example of a survey of 60 patients showed that the actual mental status of patients, being an inpatient at the endoscopically negative GERD, characterized by a high degree of neuroticism in comparison with GERD patients under reflux esophagitis. This fact is considered in terms of imperfect mental protection, among which the most common in these patients is the suppression of the negative emotional experiences. As one of the possible causes of resistance to therapy is considered the psychological phenomenon of "secondary gain from illness".

[Adherence to treatment patients with the digestive system chronic diseases].

The purpose of study is to expand notions of personal factors of adherence to treatment chronic diseases of digestive system. The article presents data on the patients accuracy of performing medical recommendations on pre-hospital and in the delayed period. Analyzed the influence of socio-demographic characteristics (gender, age, educational level), the characteristics of the disease (duration of history, the frequency of hospitalizations, complications) to the compliance of patients. The psychological aspect of the formation of adherence to treatment was considered in the interactions of personality and disease. Was underlined the role of the doctor's deontological work aimed on the involving of the personality of patient in therapeutic process as an active subject of the therapeutic interaction.

[Treatment of tobacco dependence in patients with chronic diseases of digestive system].

The purpose of this study was to increase the effectiveness of tobacco control by improving the treatment of tobacco dependence. The article presents the data results of different methods of treatments of tobacco dependence among 135 patients with digestive diseases. As the most effective is a comprehensive approach combining psychotherapy and physiotherapy methods is designated. The possible reasons of due treatment effect absence are separately analysed: a sharp severity of tobacco withdrawal syndrome, inadequate primary motivation of smoking refusal, premorbid personality characteristics, a pathological variant of response to disease.

[Smoking in elderly patients with chronic diseases of the digestive system].

The purpose of this study was to examine the features of smoking in elderly patients with chronic diseases of the digestive system. Results are based on an analysis of 762 questionnaires of patients were receiving hospital treatment in the Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology. The article presents data on the frequency and intensity of smoking in patients with digestive diseases in the age and gender. To increase the effectiveness of tobacco dependence treatment in elderly patients suggested treatment strategy targeting the early stages to reduce the daily dose of nicotine, rather than a one-time and full cessation of smoking tobacco.

[Effect of rubomycin, carminomycin and adriamycin on respiration in liver mitochondria in various metabolic states, respiratory control and ADP/O ratio]. / Deistvie rubomitsina, karminomitsina i adriamitsina na dykhanie mitokhondrii pecheni v razlichnykh metabolicheskikh sostoianiiakh, dykhatel'nyi kontrol' i otnoshenie ADP/O.

A comparative study on the effects of antitumour antibiotics of the anthracycline group (rubomycin, carminomycin and adriamycin) on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in liver mitochondria in various metabolic states has been carried out for the first time. It was shown that the antibiotics under study cause partial inhibition of mitochondrial state 3 respiration, which is eliminated by an uncoupler. Treatment of liver mitochondria with the antibiotics decreases the ADP/O and respiratory control values and stimulates state 4 respiration. The latter is partly inhibited by oligomycin. The uncoupled respiration is decelerated in the presence of the antibiotics. Under these conditions the oxidation of succinate is inhibited by lower concentrations of the antibiotics than that of NAD+-dependent substrates. It was shown that the maximal activity is exerted by the most polar agent carminomycin, while the hydrophobic rubomycin is the least active. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the toxic effect of antitumour antibiotics.

[Transmembrane redox reactions, coupled with proton transfer in lipid bilayer membranes]. / Issledovanie transmembrannykh okislitel'no-vosstanovitel'nykh reaktsii, sviazannykh s perenosom protona na bisloinykh lipidnykh membranakh.

The transmembrane reaction of ferricyanide reduction by exogenous ascorbate in the liposomes in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethylparaphenylenediamine (TMPD) or 2,3,5,6-tetramethylphenylenediamine (DAD) was investigated. The reaction equilibrium was shown to depend on the intraliposomal pH. At alkaline pH values under the experimental conditions used TMPD functions mainly as an electron carrier, while at acidic pH values TMPD effectuates a coupled transmembrane electron and proton transfer. This reaction is paralleled with local changes in the pH values in the unstirred layer near the membrane.

[Comparison of the effects of some perminductors on mitochondria and chloroplasts]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie deistviia nekotorykh induktorov pronitsaemosti na mitokhondrii i khloroplasty.

The effects of valinomycin, gramicidins A and S, melittin and the protonophore 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenmalononitrile on rat liver mitochondria and pea chloroplasts during active electron transport were studied. The canalogenes melittin and gramicidin S as well as gramicidin A and the protonophore increase the proton conductance of the inner mitochondrial membrane and chloroplast tylakoid membrane. The curve for the dependence of the canalogene effects on their concentration is S-shaped for both types of the organelles. Valinomycin reveals no protonophore activity and at high concentrations inhibits electron transport in both types of the coupling membranes. The uncoupling activity of gramicidin A and canalogenes and the inhibiting activity of valinomycin do not depend on the type of organelles when the concentration of these compounds is expressed as concentration in the membrane lipid matrix. At the same time the activity of the protonophore in chloroplasts is 6 times less than that in mitochondria. It is assumed that this difference in the protonophore activity is due to the differences in the mechanism of coupling of electron transport rather than to the peculiarities of lipid composition of mitochondria and chloroplasts. The lack of dependence of activity of peptide perminductors on the membrane lipid composition can probably be due to the fact that their effects is localized in the carbohydrate moiety of the lipid bilayer and does not involve the polar "heads" of the lipids.

[Proton translocation coefficient for H+-ATPase of rat liver mitochondria]. / Koéffitsient translokatsii protonov H+-ATPazy mitokhondrii pecheni krys.

Some features of H+-ATPase function in intact mitochondria of rat liver were studied. Simultaneously the activities of ATPase and proton translocase were measured, using a previously described technique. The proton translocation coefficient of H+-ATPase has been found to be equal to 3.6. The protonophore 3.5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidenemalononitrile diminishes the proton translocation coefficient. It was concluded that when considering the mechanism of proton translocation by H+-ATPase, it is necessary to assume the possibility of transport of 3 or 4 protons per every hydrolyzed molecule of ATP allowing a changeable efficiency of the process. The decrease of the translocase coefficient in the presence of the protonophore appears to result from the ability of this uncoupler to return the transferred protons to the mitochondrial matrix.

[Respiratory system of Endomyces magnusii. Properties of mitochondria from cells grown on glycerol]. / Izuchenie dykhatel'noi sintemy Endomyces magnusii. Svoistva mitokhondrii Kletok, vyrashchennykh na glitserine.

Some peculiarities of oxidation of various substrates by tightly coupled highly energized mitochondria from the yeast Endomyces magnusii were studied. During cell growth on glycerol the formation of NADH and alpha-glycerophosphate in the hyaloplasm is paralleled with an adaptive synthesis of highly active dehydrogenases in the mitochondria. The dehydrogenases oxidize these substrates and are localized on the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The reducing equivalents of the dehydrogenases enter the respiratory chain at the ubiquinone level by a shunt via the rotenone-sensitive site of the respiratory chain. Terminal oxidation of exogenous NADH, alpha-glycerophosphate and NAD-dependent substrates occurs in the cytochrome chain and is tightly coupled with phosphorylation. The ADP/O value is close to theoretical ones. Oxidation of succinate is partly mediated by alternate cyanide-resistant oxidase; the shunt-off of the electron flow between two alternate pathways is controlled by ADP. The tight coupling and theoretical efficiency of phosphorylation under succinate oxidation can take place only in the presence of salycyl hydroxamate, an alternate pathway inhibitor. A possible physiological role of alternate oxidase and the peculiarities of oxidation control at the individual substrate level are discussed.

[Effect of inductors of alkali cation permeability on cytochrome c bound to mitochondrial membrane]. / Deistvie induktorov kationnoi pronitsaemosti na sviaz' tsitokhroma c s membranoi mitokhondrii.

The effect of inductors of alkali cation permeability--valinomycin, gramicidin A, gramicidin S and its N,N'-diacetyl derivative--on rat liver mitochondria during respiration has been studied. It is shown that valinomycin, gramycidin A and diacetylgramicidin S at optimal concentration for uncoupling cause two-phase activation of mitochondrial respiration and that this effect results from cytochrome c solubilization. Gramicidin S at optimal concentration cannot remove cytochrome c from the respirating mitochondria. It is suggested that this property of gramicidin S is owned to cytochrome c immobilisation in membrane, due to the effect of this compound.

[Properties of mitochondria from cells of the "fermentative" variant of Endomyces magnusii]. / Svoistva mitokhondrii iz kletok "brodil'nogo" varianta drozhzhei Endomyces magnusii.

The properties of mitochondria from the cells of the "fermentative" variant of End. magnusii were studied. The induced fermentative transformation was brought about by a non-balanced vitamin cultivation. It was shown that the "fermentative" variant of End. magnusii represents an interesting model, in which the energy required for the cell functioning is provided for by a high fermentative activity and a normally functioning respiratory chain. The "fermentative" variant mitochondria were tightly coupled and possessed theoretical efficiency during oxidation of NAD-dependent substrates, which suggested the existence of all the three sites of energy coupling and phosphorylation at the substrate level. A specificity of energy regulation of the End. magnusii "fermentative" variant mitochondria, e. g. tight coupling during oxidation of succinate and lack of tight coupling during oxidation of exogenous NADH, is discussed. The tight coupling during succinate oxidation is confirmed by the observation of reverse electron transfer. Thus, the energy-dependent reduction of NAD during succinate oxidation has been firstly demonstrated for the mitochondria of yeast grown on a fermentable substrate.