Clinical and Dermoscopic Evaluation of Periorbital Melanosis.

Background: Periorbital melanosis (POM) describes the light-to-dark-colored, brownish-black pigmentation surrounding the eyelids. It can affect an individual's quality of life. Dermoscopic features of POM are not frequently reported in the literature. Materials and Methods: This study comprised 100 patients aged above 16 years, who attended our outpatient department (OPD) from November 2018 to October 2019. A detailed history, clinical features, and the dermoscopic study of color, pattern of pigment, and pattern of the blood vessel were recorded with the Dermlite-3N dermoscope (3Gen, San Juan Capistrano, California). On the basis of the eyelids' pigmentation and involvement, patients were clinically graded as Grade 0 to 4, with 4 being deep dark color extending beyond the infraorbital fold. The clinical patterns and the dermoscopic features were correlated. Results: Most patients were women (76) and the common age group was 16-25 years. Most of the patients had both the eyelids involved (58%), followed by lower eyelids (28%). The majority of the patients were having POM of grade 2 (47%). Seventeen patients (17%) had a positive family history of POM. The most common clinical form of POM observed was constitutional type (77) followed by postinflammatory type (12). Of 100 patients, 52 had pigmentary, 15 had vascular, and 33 had mixed pigmentary-vascular pattern. Cell phone usage (>4 h) and refractory errors (38% each) were the common risk factors observed. Stress and respiratory allergy were significantly associated. In the pigmentation patterns, epidermal (54%), dermal (14%), and mixed (17%) subsets were observed. The reticular pattern was the most common vascular pattern (65%). Conclusion: POM is a multifactorial entity. Multiple risk factors play a role in the pathogenesis and aggravation. Clinical forms did not show any specific dermoscopic patterns. Dermoscopy of POM helps to know the underlying pathology, which in turn paves the way to the effective treatment.

Unusual presentations of cutaneous tuberculosis.

Cutaneous tuberculosis occurs in 1-2% of world cases of tuberculosis and more common in tropical countries. It presents with different clinical forms. Unusual clinical presentations are not uncommon and awareness of these will help in suspecting and managing these patients successfully. Lupus pernio like lupus vulgaris, tuberculosis of glans penis and lichen scrofulosorum on the distal parts of limbs are presented here because of their unusual clinical presentation.

Dermatoses Occurring after Parlor Procedures.

BACKGROUND: Cosmetic procedures are on the rise and practiced by all age groups, especially by teenagers. These procedures enhance the individual appearance and confidence levels, but they are not without side effects. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the side effects occurring after various parlor procedures such as facials, threading, waxing, and laser hair reduction. SETTING AND DESIGN: A prospective study for 12 months in a tertiary hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients attending the department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital for 12 months (July 2018-June 2019) were evaluated for any skin lesions, developed after one of the above parlor procedures. Detailed history, clinical examination, and correlation with the parlor procedure were noted. RESULTS: A total of 102 patients were found to have dermatoses after various parlor procedures during the 1-year study period (81 F and 21 M). Acneiform eruptions 26 (25.4%), followed by post-waxing folliculitis 17(16.7%), and hyperpigmentation of face 15 (14.7%) were the most common dermatoses. Molluscum contagiosum, verrucae plana, and tinea faciei were observed in 11, 6, and 3 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Side effects are not uncommon after parlor procedures. Awareness of these is necessary and educating the patients is extremely important to avoid these unwanted complications.