Study of inelastic nuclear interactions of 400 GeV/c protons in bent silicon crystals for beam steering purposes.

Inelastic nuclear interaction probability of 400 GeV/c protons interacting with bent silicon crystals was investigated, in particular for both types of crystals installed at the CERN Large Hadron Collider for beam collimation purposes. In comparison to amorphous scattering interaction, in planar channeling this probability is ∼ 36 % for the quasi-mosaic type (planes (111)), and ∼ 27 % for the strip type (planes (110)). Moreover, the absolute inelastic nuclear interaction probability in the axial channeling orientation, along the ⟨ 110 ⟩ axis, was estimated for the first time, finding a value of 0.6 % for a crystal 2 mm long along the beam direction, with a bending angle of 55 µ rad. This value is more than two times lower with respect to the planar channeling orientation of the same crystal, and increases with the vertical angular misalignment. Finally, the correlation between the inelastic nuclear interaction probability in the planar channeling and the silicon crystal curvature is reported.

Lanthanide complexes with 2-(tosylamino)benzylidene-N-benzoylhydrazone, which exhibit high NIR emission.

New NIR emitting materials were found among the lanthanide complexes with 2-(tosylamino)benzylidene-N-benzoylhydrazone. Complexes of Nd(3+), Er(3+) and Yb(3+), as well as Eu(3+), Gd(3+) and Lu(3+), were synthesized for the first time. Owing to the absence of vibration quenching the ytterbium complex was found to exhibit a photoluminescence quantum yield of 1.4%. Since the sensitization efficiency was calculated to be 55%, the losses in the quantum yield are probably due to Yb-Yb resonant energy transfer.

Observation of multiple volume reflection of ultrarelativistic protons by a sequence of several bent silicon crystals.

The interactions of 400 GeV protons with different sequences of bent silicon crystals have been investigated at the H8 beam line of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. The multiple volume reflection of the proton beam has been studied in detail on a five-crystal reflector measuring an angular beam deflection theta = 52.96 +/- 0.14 microrad. The efficiency was found larger than 80% for an angular acceptance at the reflector entrance of 70 microrad, with a maximal efficiency value of epsilon = 0.90 +/- 0.01 +/- 0.03.

Volume reflection dependence of 400 GeV/c protons on the bent crystal curvature.

The trend of volume reflection parameters (deflection angle and efficiency) in a bent (110) silicon crystal has been investigated as a function of the crystal curvature with 400 GeV/c protons on the H8 beam line at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. This Letter describes the analysis performed at six different curvatures showing that the optimal radius for volume reflection is approximately 10 times greater than the critical radius for channeling. A strong scattering of the beam by the planar potential is also observed for a bend radius close to the critical one.

[Videothoracosopy in diagnosis and surgical treatment of tuberculosis]. / Videotorakoskopiia v diagnostike i khirurgicheskom lechenii tuberkuleza.

From 1993 to May 2001, 795 psychiatric patients were treated including 563 with pleural effusion, 98 with multiple or solitary tuberculoma, 69 with tuberculous empyema, 14 with fibrotic-cavitary tuberculosis, 51 with disseminated tuberculosis. Mean age of the patients was 32 years. Survey of pleural cavity with pleural or lung biopsy was performed in 691 patients. In tuberculoma 14 lobectomies were performed, 23 patients underwent atypical lung resection without stapler (including with precise technique). Bilateral on-stage interventions were made in 32 patients. In empyema necrectomy and lung decortication were performed. 14 patients underwent videocavernoscopy with sequestrectomy and cavity drainage. In disseminated tuberculosis lung biopsy without staplers was usually performed. Aerohemostasis was achieved with plasma stream. One patient with empyema and one patient with pleural effusion died (lethality was 0.25%). Rate of postoperative complications was 7.5% in tuberculoma and 1.5% in disseminated tuberculosis. Conversion to thoracotomy was necessary in 3 (3%) patients with tuberculoma and 12 (17%) patients with empyema. Mean hospital stay was 4 days after diagnostic surgery and 7 days after lung resection. In pleural effusion diagnosis was verified in 98% cases, in disseminated tuberculosis--in 100%. Videothoracoscopy is the best diagnostic method for pleural effusion and disseminated forms of lung tuberculosis and operation of choice in tuberculoma and empyema. Videothoracoscopy in tuberculosis is highly effective and associates with low rate of postoperative complications and lethality.

Fragmentation cross sections of 16O between 0.9 and 200 GeV/nucleon.

Inclusive cross sections for high energy interactions at 0.9, 2.3, 3.6, and 13.5 GeV/nucleon of 16O with C, CR-39 (C12H18O7), CH2, Al, Cu, Ag, and Pb targets were measured. The total charge-changing cross sections and partial charge-changing cross sections for the production of fragments with charge Z = 6 and Z = 7 are compared to previous experiments at 60 and 200 GeV/nucleon. The contributions of Coulomb dissociation to the total cross sections are calculated. Using factorization rules the partial electromagnetic cross sections are separated from the nuclear components. Energy dependence of both components are investigated and discussed.

[The clinical significance of cellular immunity factors in patients with myocardiodystrophies]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie nekotorykh faktorov kletochnogo immuniteta u bol'nykh miokardiodistrofiiami.

Different changes of cellular immunological homeostasis were found in an investigation of 70 patients with myocardial dystrophy of various origin. Patients with alcohol lesions of the heart and tonsillogenous myocardial dystrophy showed T- and B-lymphopenia. Persons with dysmetabolic myocardial dystrophy showed a partial inhibition of E-rosette formation. The functional activity of T-lymphocytes evaluated by the reaction of blast transformation of leucocytes was intact in patients with myocardial infarction.

[Clinico-immunological parallels in non-coronary diseases of the myocardium]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskie paralleli pri nekoronarnykh zabolevaniiakh miokarda.

Profound disturbances of the immunologic homeostasis system are a characteristic feature of cardiac muscle inflammations. Depressed rosette formation in patients with non-coronarogenic diseases of the myocardium is associated with impaired maturation of immunocompetent cells and with severe inhibition of suppressor function, this resulting in perversed proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. In patients with dystrophic and functional diseases of the cardiac muscle the activity of short-lived suppressors is unchanged; therefore examination of this parameter may be helpful in the differential diagnosis between inflammatory and dystrophic diseases of the myocardium.

[The kinetics of the blast transformation of lymphocytes in patients with nonrheumatic myocarditis]. / Issledovanie kinetiki blastnoi transformatsii limfotsitov u bol'nykh nerevmaticheskim miokarditom.

Studies of lymphocyte blastogenesis with peripheral blood cultures from patients suffering from non-coronary-related diseases of the myocardium revealed considerable impairments of its kinetics in the patients with myocarditis and dystrophic injury to the cardiac muscle. The ability of the peripheral blood lymphocytes to blastogenesis correlated with the severity of the clinical symptoms of the disease. Depression of the functional activity of short-lived suppressants was observed in patients with steady residual symptoms of nonrheumatic myocarditis.

[Enzyme activity of yeasts as an indicator of their physiological state]. / Izuchenie fermentnoi aktivnosti drozhzhei kak pokazatelia ikh fiziologicheskogo sostoianiia

During yeast cultivation the activity of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, the triggering enzymes of glycolysis, was measured and the total amount of nucleic acids was determined. The impoverished medium--postdistillation molasses residue--was used for yeast generation in the studies. A decline in the enzyme activity was observed, wheras the total amount of nucleic acids remained unaltered. The activity of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase increased significantly when the yeast cultivated on the molasses residue were stimulated by an addition of a small amount of molasses upon low aeration. The measurement of the activity of the above enzymes is a sensitive test and can be recommended for studying the technology of alcohol fermentation.