[Anhedonia in mood disorders and somatic diseases: results of exploratory Mendelian randomization analysis]. / Angedoniya pri rasstroistvakh nastroeniya i somaticheskikh zabolevaniyakh: rezul'taty razvedochnogo Mendelevskogo randomizatsionnogo analiza.

OBJECTIVE: To conduct an exploratory Mendelian randomization analysis of the causal relationships of anhedonia with a wide range of psychiatric and somatic phenotypes based on the genetic data of participants in a population study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 4520 participants, of which 50.4% (n=2280) were female. The mean age was 36.8 (S.D.=9.8) years. Participants were pheno-nailed based on the DSM-5 criteria for anhedonia in the framework of depression. An episode of anhedonia exceeding 2 weeks during life was reported by 57.6% (n=2604) of participants. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the anhedonia phenotype was performed, as well as a Mendelian randomization analysis using summary statistics of large-scale GWASs on psychiatric and somatic phenotypes. RESULTS: The GWAS on anhedonia did not reveal the variants with genome-wide significant association (p<10-8). The most significant (p=9.71×10-7) was the variant rs296009 (chr5:168513184) in an intron of the slit guidance ligand 3 (SLIT3) gene. Using Mendelian randomization, nominally significant (p<0.05) causal associations of anhedonia with 24 phenotypes were identified, which can be divided into 5 main groups: psychiatric/neurological diseases, inflammatory diseases of the digestive system, respiratory diseases, oncological diseases and metabolic disorders. The most significant causal effects of anhedonia were found for breast cancer (p=0.0004, OR=0.9986, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.9978-0.999)), minimal depression phenotype (p=0.009, OR=1.004, 95% CI (1.001-1.007)), as well as for apolipoprotein A (p=0.01, OR=0.973, 95% CI (0.952-0.993)) and respiratory diseases (p=0.01, OR=0.9988, 95% CI (0.9980-0.9997)). CONCLUSION: The polygenic nature of anhedonia may cause the risks of comorbidity of this phenotype with a wide range of somatic diseases, as well as may be associated with mood disorders.

[Optimization of treatment of patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency of the ischemic genesis and hobnail liver].

Clinical efficacy of combined therapy including the use of rifaximin and L-ornithin-l-aspartate, as well as the dynamics of the biochemical indices, the manifestation levels of portal-systemic-encephalopathy and intestinal microbiocynosis were investigated in patients with chronic cardiac insufficiency of ischemic genesis and hobnail liver. The combined therapy resulted in improvement of the patients clinical state, lower levels of the portal-systemic encephalopathy manifectation by decreasing hyperammonium, normalization of the large intestine microflora, and blood serum biochemical parameters.

[Clinico-economical efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease].

We conducted comparative analysis of clinico-economical efficacy of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors as components of combination therapy of patients with arterial hypertension and ischemic heart disease. Clinical efficacy of fosinopril, moexipril, perindopril, and ramipril was comparable: in compared groups statistically significant lowering of arterial pressure was achieved by day 6 of treatment and this lowering persisted up to day 36 of therapy with ramipril. All studied drugs were well tolerated. Ramipril was notable for highest economical efficacy determined by the method of \"minimization of expenditures\". Technology of assessment of clinico-economical effectiveness of preparations from the same pharmacological group can be used in compilation of standards of drug therapy of various diseases, basing on which a physician administers a concrete drug to a concrete patient.

[Viral diseases as a predisposing factor of developing secondary oto- and rhinogenic bacterial meningitis].

Effects of viruses and bacterial associations are suggested to promote secondary purulent intracranial complications in ENT patients. Fundamental aspects of pathogenesis of viral neuroinfections and pathogenetic mechanisms of different conditions provoked by viral factors promoting bacterial complications are presented. Hemoculture, and cerebrospinal fluid in 24 patients with secondary purulent rhinogenic and otogenic meningitis were studied with polymerase chain reaction for enteroviruses, cytomegaloviruses, Epstein-Barr, herpes, zoster viruses. The viruses were present in the studied media in 29.4% samples.

[Nebivolol in the treatment of ischemic heart disease patients with chronic heart failure]. / Nebivolol v lechenii bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa s khronicheskoi serdechnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

AIM: To assess effectiveness of inclusion of nebivolol in complex therapy of patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) due to ischemic heart disease (IHD). MATERIAL: Patients (n=62, age 47-73 years) with NYHA class II-III CHF and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) less than 45% receiving standard therapy +/- nebivolol (5 mg/day). The patients were followed up for 4 months. RESULTS: After 4 months improvement of clinical state, exercise tolerance, parameters of central hemodynamics and LV remodeling, lipid spectrum, rheological properties of blood and platelets haemostasis was more pronounced in a group of nebivolol treated patients. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of nebivolol in complex therapy increases efficacy of treatment of patients with CHF due to IHD.

[Probable prognostic markers of immune status in patients with chronic infectious diseases]. / Vozmozhnye prognosticheskie markery immunnogo statusa bol'nykh khronicheskimi infektsionnymi zabolevaniiami.

The comparative study of the main characteristics of immune status in patients with urogenital chlamydiosis, furunculosis, urogenital herpes (38 patients) and in the members of the control group (21 subjects) was made. The analysis of the results obtained in this study revealed the numerical values of immunological characteristics, capable of being used as markers indicating transition into the chronic form. Thus, it showed a decrease in the population of cells with phenotype CD72+ in chlamydiosis; a fourfold increase in the population of cells with phenotype CD16+ in furunculosis; an increase in the population of cells with phenotype CD8+, a decrease in the immunoregulatory index and the population of cells with phenotype CD72+ in herpes. The data thus obtained may be used in prescribing immunocorrective therapy.

[Immunochemical studies of several proteins in angina pectoris]. / Immunokhimicheskie issledovaniia nekotorykh belkov pri stenokardii.

A comprehensive immunochemical assay was developed for quantification of apoproteins of the atherogenic lipoproteins B, H, Lp(a) and the "acute phase proteins" with unstable angina pectoris that had varied increases in the parameters studied in comparison with their physiological measures. The significance of the proteins under test was discussed in terms of pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The asset of a complex immunochemical assay as part of the procedure involved simplicity and accessibility for wide medical practice, providing valid information.

[Therapeutic physical exercise for patients after the amputation of the lower extremities at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation]. / Lechebnaia fizicheskaia kul'tura u bol'nykh posle amputatsii nizhnikh konechnostei na sanatornom étape reabilitatsii.

The authors propose a set of therapeutic exercises developed to prevent degenerative-dystrophic processes and to improve locomotor function in patients undergoing sanatorium treatment after lower limb amputation. Swimming and loading exercises have improved strength and performance of spinal muscles, amputated and supporting limb, reduced osteoporosis of the stump bone fragment. The efficacy of the above approach was evaluated by dynamometry on the test-dynamometer Biodex and by ultrasound osteometry.

[The rehabilitative therapy of patients with persistent paralysis of the mimetic muscles]. / Vosstanovitel'naia terapiia bol'nykh so stoikim paralichom mimicheskikh myshts.

Based on the well-known rearrangement of the intracentral relationships when forming a new movement, the authors have developed a technique of functional rearrangement of the sternocleidomastoid muscle displaced on the angle of the mouth. The technique allowed the authors to improve the patients' appearance, to facilitate articulation and taking food.

[Function of the arm after plastic surgery of defects of head and neck tissues using musculo-cutaneous flaps]. / Funktsiia verkhnei konechnosti posle plastiki defektov tkanei golovy i shei kozhno-myshechnymi loskutami.

Under study was function of the upper extremity in 56 patients at different terms after plasty of defects of the head and neck with muscular-cutaneous flaps. The greatest restriction of movements in the humeral articulation was found after inclusion of the musculus trapezius into the flap. Formation of the free flap including the broadest muscle of the back resulted in a minimum restriction of the shoulder mobility. A year or more later contractures of the humeral articulation in the side of formation of the flap were noted in patients with paralysis of musculus trapezius and in patients who were not engaged in therapeutic physical training.

[Oxidation of sulfide minerals by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans]. / Okislenie sul'fidnykh mineralov Thiobacillus ferrooxidans.

Samples of natural pyrites and sphalerites were subjected to the action of the mineral medium 9K with 1 g of Fe3+ per litre in the presence and in the absence of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans, and incubated at 28 degrees C under the stationary conditions for 30 days. The chemical composition of the solutions was studied after leaching as well as changes of the surfaces of monoliths. The deepest etching of surfaces with the formation of crusts and films of jarosite, limonite and goslarite occurs upon the combined action of bacteria and Fe3+ in regions of a fine-zonal structure enriched with an isomorphous arsenic admixture which are characterized by a defective weak structure. The pyrite and sphalerite from Charmitan with a higher arsenic and iron content were leached more than the pyrite and sphalerite from Kurgashincan. This was also corroborated by chemical analyses of leaching solutions and by monometric studies of crushed sulfide samples.