Iodine seed localisation of non-palpable lesions in breast surgery first experience.

Surgical therapy of non-palpable malignant breast lesions requires precise preoperative localisation. Recently, radioactive iodine seed localisation has excelled among the number of localisation methods. We present our first experience with this method at our department. We describe the structure of the radioactive iodine seed, the principles of preoperative localisation and peroperative detection of the seed, the specimen transport process, histopathological examination, storage and disposal of the seed, as well as aspects of radiation protection.

Oral cavity complications in oncological and hemato-oncological patients.

BACKGROUND: Oral cavity injuries are very significant complications in the treatment of oncological and hemato-oncological patients. Preventive and curative interventions and patient education reduce the risk of complications and their consequences. A working group of authors from professional groups prepared recommendations for care. PURPOSE: A basic summary of recommended interventions to prevent and treat oral cavity injuries in daily practice, defined on the basis of expert societies guidelines, trials, literature data and proven practice and on the consensus opinions of the authors group members. RESULTS: Preventive measures and patient education are essential in the approach to dealing with oral injuries in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, risky targeted treatment and osteonecrosis of the jaw. Local care products are an important element of care, in case of infections, their antimicrobial action is essential, in case of graft-versus-host disease or in connection with targeted oncological therapy, corticoids are used. CONCLUSION: The recommended procedures contribute to the reduction of the development, severity and consequences of oral complications in oncological and hemato-oncological patients.

Extravasation (Paravasation) of Chemotherapy Drugs - Recommendations for Standard Care in the Czech Republic based on Consolations between Representatives of the Supportive Care Group of the Czech Society for Oncology, Oncology Section of the Czech Nurses Association, and the Society for Ports and Permanent Catheters.

BACKGROUND: Extravasation (paravasation) of chemotherapy drugs is a very significant complication in the treatment of cancer patients. Preventive and therapeutic interventions reduce the risk of this complication or the extent of its consequences. A working group of authors from expert groups prepared recommendations for standard care. PURPOSE: To prepare a basic summary of recommended interventions for daily practice, based on knowledge from long-term, proven, evidence-based practice or on consensus opinions of representatives of expert groups. RESULTS: Preventive measures are essential and include early consideration of long-term venous access device indications, choice of injection site, venous line control before each chemotherapy drug application, and patient education. Interventions in cases of extravasation mainly involve the application of antidotes (dimethylsulfoxide, hyaluronidase, and dexrazoxane) and the application of dry cold or heat, depending on the type of cytostatic drug. Corticosteroids injected subcutaneously, moist heat or cooling, and compression, are not recommended. CONCLUSION: The recommended procedures will contribute to reducing the risk and consequences of extravasation. The range of recommended interventions can be expanded depending on individual clinical workplace policy and needs. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 28. 9. 2019 Accepted: 13. 10. 2019.

[Nutritional intervention in patients with cerebrovascular stroke]. / Nutricní intervence u nemocných s cévní mozkovou príhodou.

The patients with acute cerebral stroke suffer from stress situation which may induce the catabolic state. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of the nutrition intervention and follow-up of the nutrition parameters in the patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke. We have examined 30 patients with acute ischemic cerebral stroke, the average age 71.4 +/- 8.6 years. In all the patients we have measured some antropometric, biochemic and immunologic parameters of the nutrition status on admission. At the same time we have evaluated the size of the neurological deficit with NIH stroke scale and Barthel index. Every day we have monitored in all the patients the nutrition intake. In case the food intake has not reached 30 kcal/kg/day we have started the nutrition intervention by giving polymer enteral nutrition: either like sipping or if necessary through nasogastric tube. The nutrition intervention has been necessary in 18 patients (60%). The measurement of antropometric, biochemical and immunologic parameters have been repeated after 14 days. The evaluation of nutrition parameters have shown no significant changes since admission. The changes of the nutrition parameters in this group of the patients we have compared with the earlier reported group of the patients where no nutrition monitoring and intervention were applied and the nutrition parameters have deteriorated significantly in 2 weeks. By comparing we have confirmed that the careful monitoring of nutrition intake and in the majority of patients also nutrition intervention are necessary, especially because the improvement of the neurological deficit have been noticed more in the group of the monitored and intervened patients. The nutrition intervention can stabilize the followed nutrition parameters which may play the significant role in the speed and efficacy of the rehabilitation.