Immunohistochemical study of melanocytic differentiation antigens in cutaneous malignant melanoma. A comparison of six commercial antibodies and one non-commercial antibody in nodular melanoma, superficially spreading melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma.

In certain primary and metastatic malignant melanomas diagnostic problems may arise due to their cytologic features and/or absence of synthesis of melanin. As the "classic" combination of S-100 protein and HMB-45 may occasionally fail to stain cells of malignant melanoma, we have tested a series of commercially accessible antibodies which were so far not compared by other authors in the three most frequent subtypes of this tumor. In surgical specimens from 104 cutaneous malignant melanomas (40 nodular melanomas, 46 superficially spreading malignant melanomas and 18 lentigo maligna melanomas) the staining intensity and the proportion of neoplastic cells stained with antibodies to S-100 protein, HMB-45, NKI/C3, NKI/beteb, MART 1 (Melan A), KBA 62 and Mitf was semiquantitatively analysed. The use of this group of antibodies against melanoma-associated antigens revealed it to be a favourable supplement for the bioptical or cytological diagnosis of malignant melanoma in case the traditional/conventional combination of S-100 protein and HMB-45 antibody fails. According to the authors' experience the antibody against KBA 62 has shown to be the most effective antibody followed by the antibodies against MART-1 (Melan A) and NKI/C3.

[Pulmonary thromboembolism over a 25-year period in data from the Institute of Pathology of the P.J. Safarik Medical School in Kosice]. / Výskyt plúcnej trombembólie v materiáloch Ustavu patológie Lekárskej fakulty Univerzity P. J. Safárika v Kosiciach v odstupe stvrt'storocí.

Based on a review of archival autopsy protocols an analysis of the frequency of pulmonary thrombembolism in consecutive autopsy material is presented. The study interval for the analysis was oriented to the period between the years 1949-2000. Our analysis has shown a gradual progression of incidence of pulmonary thrombembolism, as demonstrated in relative figures. The applied preventive measures against the development of thrombosis during hospitalization have not substantially contributed to decreasing its frequency, what is not in accord with some recent observations from other countries.

[Multiple intracranial and intraspinal meningiomas in the neurocristopathy (phacomatosis) type of neurofibromatosis]. / Mnohopocetné intrakraniálne a intraspinálne meningiómy v rámci neurokristopatie (fakomatózy) typu neurofibromatózy.

Presentation of a case of a "central type" neurofibromatosis in a 56-year old woman, clinically diagnosed erroneously as multiple sclerosis with a 20 years long course. Disturbances of hearing, walking, sight, sensitivity, incontinentia, intracranial hypertension and headache represented the main symptoms. More than 120 intracranial and tens of intraspinal meningiomas represented the leading postmortem finding. In a lesser frequency spinal plexiform neurofibromas and schwannomas were also found. The death was attributed to aspiration purulent bronchopneumonia. Various types of meningioma were seen microscopically, including secretory type and a type with amyloid. Immunostaining was positive with S-100 protein and EMA. Negative expression was found with vimentin, CEA, smooth muscle actin, estrogen and progesterone receptors, amyloid A and cytokeratins. With regard to the presence or absence of key morphological features the presented case was placed according to Sobol et al. (29) into the seventh category of neurofibromatosis (NF7).

Benign glomus tumor of the superior posterior mediastinum.

An unusual location of a benign glomus tumour, outside of the constantly located regions, e.g. in the subungual location or deeply sited in extremities, was diagnosed in a 56-year-old white female in her posterior upper mediastinum. The single similar case report was published before the era of electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry and single cases of atypical and malignant forms in this unusual location were published only recently. The tumour measuring 5 x 4 x 2 centimeters has caused cough and was associated with occasional righ-sided chest pain. Its rich vascular supply has caused intensive intraoperative bleeding. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient is free of neoplastic disease or symptoms six years after surgery. Numerous mast cells present within the tumour's interstices must be considered in relation to the possible pathogenesis of the up to now unexplained pain in glomus tumours.

[Immunohistochemical analysis of renal angiomyolipoma]. / Imunohistochemická analýza angiomyolipómu oblicky.

Immunohistochemical analysis of 6 cases of renal angiomyolipoma not related to tuberous sclerosis proved the same rate of expression of HMB 45 and NKI/C3 as well in epithelioid smooth muscle cells of the tumours. Beyond this, an unspecific expression of alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was found which has not been mentioned in the literature up to now.

Actinomycosis of the middle ear.

Another case of actinomycosis of the ear is described in a nine-year-old boy, drawing attention to the increasing incidence of diseases of the ear considered to be rare. The patient presented with the clinical signs of chronic purulent otitis media, not responding to conservative treatment. After the diagnosis of actinomycosis was established the patient was treated by surgery and long-term antibiotic medication, responding favourably.

[Incarcerated scrotal hernia containing a sigmoid colon carcinoma]. / Inkarcerovaná skrotálna prietrz s obsahom karcinómu colon sigmoideum.

The authors describe the case-history of a 65-year-old patient with an incarcerated scrotal hernia on the left side. An unexpected finding in the sac of the scrotal hernia was the sigmoid colon with an obturating tumour. The patient was subjected to two-stage surgery with a favourable final effect.

[Freely moving circular shadows in the abdominal cavity--the exudative enteropathy syndrome?]. / Vol'ne pohyblivé gul'ovité tiene v dutine brusnej--syndróm exsudatívnej enteropátie?

The authors describe a 14-year-old gypsy girl with the clinical picture of exudative enteropathy where they observed on X-ray examination of the abdominal cavity circular formations which changed position. On laparotomy they found on the serous membrane of the entire enlarged and inflamed ileum numerous pseudo-polypous formations the majority of which were released and floated freely in the chylous ascites. The description of similar globular lesions of the lymphatic system was found in the literature only in accounts on post-mortem findings.