Minimally Manipulated Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Can Be Used for Tissue Engineering In Situ and Simultaneous Formation of Personalized Tissue Models.

Red bone marrow and autologous bone tissue (bone fragments and bone chips) of the donor were harvested intraoperatively during autoplasty of talus bone defect. Titanium chips were obtained by grinding a fragment of a microporous titanium-coated hip arthroplasty (Zimmer). Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated in the operating room, and bone and titanium fragments were incubated with a suspension of mononuclear cells. The quality of revitalization was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and histological examination after culturing of adherent cells on the bone and titanium fragments. During culturing on bone chips, bone marrow mononuclear fraction cells demonstrated significantly higher metabolic activity than bone marrow cells (p=0.04). Mononuclear fraction cells were also capable of stable colonization of titanium fragments with the formation of composite tissue model.

[Aging features of L-thyroxine action on glycosylphosphatidylinositol metabolism in rat liver]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti obmena glikozilfosfatidilinozitola v pecheni pri deistvii na krys L-tiroksina.

L-thyroxine action on GPI and phosphatidylinositol (PI) metabolism in the liver have been investigated in 3- and 24-month-old Wistar rats. PI and GPI were labeled by [14C]acetate Na in vivo and [14C]glucose in vitro. Aging caused a significant decrease in basal PI and GPI levels and reduced [14C]glucose incorporation into GPI of liver. The addition of exogenous PI stimulated the [14C]GPI formation (about 2-3 fold) in 24-month-old rat liver. Thyroxine injection (200 micrograms/100 g weight) to young rats induced triphasic alteration in GPI content in the liver. We observed the marked violation in the thyroxine-mediated GPI-metabolism in the old rats liver. These results indicate that thyroid hormones regulate GPI metabolism in rat liver.

A rapid effect of thyroxine on accumulation of diacylglycerols and on activation of protein kinase C in liver cells.

L-Thyroxine rapidly stimulated the accumulation of diacylglycerols in isolated hepatocytes and in liver when lipids were prelabeled with [14C]oleic acid or with [14C]CH3COONa. Perfusion of the liver of hypothyroid animals with L-thyroxine-containing solution or incubation of liver fragments with the hormone increased the content of diacylglycerols in the liver cells. The increase in [14C]diacylglycerol level in the liver cells was accompanied by a decrease in the level of [14C]phosphatidylcholine, whereas contents of other 14C-labeled phospholipids, such as phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns), phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns4P), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bis-phosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), and of 14C-labeled fatty acids were the same as in the control. The L-thyroxine-induced accumulation of diacylglycerols in hepatocytes was not affected by neomycin but was inhibited by propranolol. Incubation of hepatocytes prelabeled with [14C]oleic acid with L-thyroxine and ethanol (300 mM) was accompanied by generation and accumulation of [14C]phosphatidylethanol that was partially suppressed by 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7). L-Thyroxine was responsible for the translocation of protein kinase C from the cytosol into the membrane fraction and for a many-fold activation of the membrane-bound enzyme. D-Thyroxine failed to affect the generation of diacylglycerols in hepatocytes and the activity of protein kinase C.

[The characteristics of the effect of thyroxine on sphingosine and phosphoinositide synthesis in the rat liver in ontogeny]. / Osoblyvosti vplyvu tyroksynu na syntez sfinhozynu ta fosfoinozytydiv u pechintsi shchuriv v ontohenezi.

The age peculiarities of sphingosine, phosphatidylinoside, phosphatidylinoside 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinoside 4,5-bisphosphate in liver and thyroxine influences on this processes has been investigated. It has been determined that sphingosine, phosphatidylinoside and phosphatidylinoside 4-phosphate synthesis in liver drop in old age. It was found that thyroxine enhances the labelled precursor incorporation into sphingosine of 3- and 24-old rat, and phosphatidylinoside 4,5-bisphosphate--24-old animals and decreases the synthesis of phosphatidylinoside and phosphatidylinoside 4-phosphate in liver of the young rats.

[Effect of thyroxine on synthesis of ceramide, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine in rat hepatocytes]. / Vliianie tiroksina na sintez tseramida, sfingomielina i fosfatidilkholina v gepatotsitakh krys.

The aim of the study was to investigate the role of thyroxine in the regulation of [14C] palmitic acid incorporation into ceramide, sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine of hepatocytes isolated from 90-day old rats liver. It was found that in intact cells the label [14C] incorporation was more pronounced for ceramide and phosphatidylcholine. It has been determined that thyroxine activates the sphingolipids synthesis. However, the phosphatidylcholine acylation increases under hormone action only during the first 5 min of hepatocyte incubation and decreases during the following period of incubation.

[The role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, and polyphosphoinositide synthesis in liver cells]. / Rol' tireoidnykh gormonov v reguliatsii sinteza fosfatidnoi kisloty, fosfatidilinozita i polifosfoinozitidov v kletkakh pecheni.

The effect of thyroxine on total phospholipid, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate synthesis in albino rat hepatocytes, has been studied. It has been found that the hormone enhances the [14C]palmitic acid incorporation into lipids. It has been shown also that phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate mimicks the effect of thyroxine on lipid synthesis, while exogenous sphingosine abolishes it. Sphingosine causes a significant inhibition of phosphoinositide synthesis in intact liver cells.

[Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: immunological studies]. / Immunologicheskie issledovaniia pri ostroi revmaticheskoi likhoradke i revmaticheskikh porokakh serdtsa.

A total of 216 patients with rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart from the Institute of Rheumatology and 126 patients with rheumatic heart diseases alone from the Center of Cardiosurgery were clinically and immunologically studied. The immunological study included the detection of b-hemolytic group A streptococcus, O-antistreptolysin, the measurement of C-reactive protein, immunoglobulins, C3, C4, Ciq-binding, anticardiolipin antibodies, etc. The findings indicated that the secondary penicillin prophylaxis prevents streptococcal pharyngitis and recurrence of acute rheumatic fever after 5 years. The high levels of Ciq-binding and anticardiolipin antibodies were directly proportional to the incidence rates of acute endocarditis and associated with the occurrence of venous and arterial thromboses.

[Tolerance of group A streptococci to the bactericidal effect of various antibiotics]. / Izuchenie tolerantnosti streptokokkov gruppy A k bakteritsidnomu deistviiu nekotorykh antibiotikov.

The MICs and MBCs (minimum bactericidal concentration) of 6 antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, ristomycin, erythromycin and lincomycin) for 50 strains of group A streptococci were determined with serial dilutions in a liquid medium (the medium for isolation of streptococci of the I. I. Mechnikov Moscow Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera) followed by volumetric platings on a solid medium (the same medium supplemented with 1.5 per cent agar). The results are discussed in relation to the problem of Streptococci tolerance to the bactericidal effect of the antibiotics.

[A method of diffusion in agar for determining streptococcal sensitivity to antibiotics]. / Metod diffuzii v agar dlia opredeleniia chuvstvitel'nosti streptokokkov k antibiotikam.

An agar diffusion method for determination of antibiotic sensitivity to streptococci of different serological groups with semiquantitative estimation of the results was developed with the use of the dry nutrient medium of the I. I. Mechnikov Central Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera for isolation of hemocultures and cultivation of streptococci. The addition of blood or serum to this medium is not required. The standard inoculum (2 milliard microbial bodies) is added into the depth of the nutrient agar thus providing the optimal conditions for the growth of the facultative anaerobes. The MICs of the antibiotics and the diameters of the growth inhibition zones of 150 streptococcal strains were compared and an estimation table for interpretation of the data of the agar diffusion test was presented. This simple method provides a sufficient accuracy and satisfactory reproducibility in the clinical tests.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus group A on a new nutrient medium for the cultivation of streptococci]. / Izuchenie chuvstvitel'nosti k antibiotikam beta-gemoliticheskikh streptokokkov gruppy A na novoi pitatel'noi srede dlia kul'tivirovaniia streptokokkov.

Sensitivity of 167 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A was studied with the method of serial dilutions on a solid agar medium for cultivation of streptococci. The medium was developed at the I. I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera. It does not require addition of blood or serum. The strains were found to be highly sensitive to penicillin, cephalothin and erythromycin. The number of the strains resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamycin, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and ristomycin amounted to 51, 36, 23, 1.8 and 1.8 per cent, respectively. One of the strains (0.6 per cent) was resistant to lincomycin. Strains with multiple resistance were isolated. The necessity of regular control of distribution of antibiotic resistance among staphylococci is indicated.