On assessment of exposure to noise in crew members of civil aviation aircrafts.

The article deals with current and prospective documents on assessment of exposure to noisein crew.members of civil aviation aircrafts. The authors suggestedto complete a method calculatingacoustic loadwith correction indexes for uncertainity of measurements concerning noise inside the cabin, for underestimation of noise levels in forced flight regime, forincreased radio talks and active listening time, and for, acoustic efficiency of avia-headsets.

[Vibroacoustic factors hygienic regulation principles in Russia and abroad evolution and succession].

Brief historical summary about Institute' vibroacoustic factors investigations development in the XXth century is presented. There are shown the data of noise, vibration, ultra- and infrasound hygienic rating in comparison with international approaches; the ways of its international harmonization in modern social and economic situation are selected.

[Criteria to evaluate hearing disorders under exposure to noise: comparative analysis of national and foreign methodic approaches].

Comparative analysis covered national and foreign criteria and methodic approaches to evaluation of hearing disorders due to noise exposure. Ways to improve these criteria and approaches are suggested, also in aim to harmonize them with the foreign ones.

[Comprehensive hygienic assessment of solaria].

The paper gives data on the positive and negative effects of human exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). It provides the hygienic characteristics of solaria used to produce an artificial tan. This device has been found to present a high health risk to its users. There are considerable problems in the hygienic assessment of this type of exposure. The ways of solving the arising problems in developing the metrological monitoring of UVR and compiling a document regulating the sanitary-and-epidemiological surveillance of solaria are defined.

[Contemporary hygienic regulation of industrial vibration: harmonizing national and foreign approaches].

The authors compared approaches to vibration safety regulations, presented by new Russian Federal governmental standards, international standards and rules from one hand, and by Russian Federal Sanitary Regulation documents from the other hand. Main directions to improve hygienic regulation of occupational vibration in new technical regulation system are determined.

[Evaluation of sanitary-and-epidemiological safety of medical wares].

The medical personnel operating currently available medical equipment can be exposed to physical factors. To prevent the adverse consequences of these exposures, medical equipment undergoes sanitary-and-epidemiological examination, resulting in the drawing up of a sanitary-and-epidemiological report. For regulation of this procedure, a management directive has been worked out, which determines an examination procedure, a hygienic classification of medical equipment, allowable values for controlled safety indices during operation, etc. Introduction of the directive makes it possible to upgrade the quality of sanitary-and-epidemiological equipment audit, to improve working conditions, and to keep health in the personnel operating the present-day high-technology equipment.

[Ultraviolet rays: problems of hygienic evaluation of the sources and regulation of the effects].

The article presents characteristics of ultraviolet rays sources used for prevention, treatment and for tanning. Difficulties in hygienic evaluation of goods are revealed. The authors defined ways to solve this problem--specify metrological support for supervision, create regulation document on sanitary and hygienic evaluation of ultraviolet rays sources.

[Issues of provision of the safety of laserwares in the use of nanotechnologies].

Current technologies, including nanotechnologies, cannot be introduced, without applying laser equipment. For provision of the safety in the manufacture and use of up-to-date laser equipment that is characterized by new, previously unused wavelengths and exposure levels, it is necessary to develop the hygienic regulation of the arrangement and maintenance of lasers, to improve approaches to making their sanitary-and-epidemiological examination and manufacturing inspection, to design measuring instruments that permit an objective assessment of new types of laser exposures, and to develop the current means for protecting the organ of vision in service personnel.

[Contemporary hygienic requirements to work conditions of medical professionals performing ultrasound investigations].

The article covers work conditions and health state of medical professionals performing ultrasound investigations on modern medical diagnostic equipment. The authors suggest a guidelines project including complex of measures to prevent unfavorable influence of contact ultrasound on medical professionals.

[On meeting sanitary legal requirements in technical regulation of medical equipment safety].

The article covered observance of sanitary legal requirements in special technical regulations "On requirements to medical equipment and medical products safety". The authors discussed problems of applied terminology, classification of medical products, occupational risk, control over observance of safety requirements on all stages of medical products circulation--design, production, usage.

[Ways to optimize working conditions of medical personnel servicing modern hi-tech medical equipment].

The author analyzed health state of medical personnel through various parameters. Hygienic characteristics of work conditions for medical personnel subjected to physical factors when servicing modern hi-tech medical equipment are presented. Occupational groups at high risk are defined. The article covers main directions in improving work conditions and preserving health for medical personnel in these groups.

[Measures complex to preserve health of medical professionals working with modern hi-tech equipment].

The authors defined major directions of measures complex to preserve health of medical professionals working with modern hi-tech equipment. Special attention is focused on sanitary and epidemiologic examination of medical equipment to create safe work conditions for maintenance staff.

[Safety problems of modern laser medical equipment].

The authors consider topics connected with improvement of hygienic regulation of laser radiation, define most important problems associated with safety of modern laser medical devices.

[New hygienic requirement in work with lead]. / Novye gigienicheskie trebovaniia pri rabote so svintsom.

A project "Hygienic requirements for work with lead" is specified. The project covers principal hygienic requirements for production (including small and individual enterprises) where lead is the main occupational hazard and determines work conditions and prophylactic measures. The authors considered new prophylactic approaches--average shift MAC for the air of workplace (0.05 mg/m3) and monitoring of serum lead level in accordance with exposure grade.

[The functional dynamics of attention and its relation to the individual typological properties of the nervous system in middle-aged and elderly persons]. / Dynamika funktsiï uvahy ta ïï zv'iazok z indyvidual'no-typolohichnymy vlastyvostiamy nervovoi systemy u liudei zriloho ta pokhyloho viku.

The age dynamics of attention's function and its correlation with functional mobility of nervous processes at adults in age from 21 to 74 years old were studied. It was determined that this period of ontogenesis characterized gradual and irregular determination this function. It was revealed that mean exponents of attention's qualities and peculiarities its age dynamics depended from individual-typological properties of nervous system et adults and old men. The adults with high exponents of function mobility of nervous processes at all age groups have high level of development of attention's function and slower changing and delay of beginning of involution this mental function. The adults with low exponents of function mobility of nervous processes characterized earlier beginning and intensive deterioration of attention's function.

[Physiological-occupational assessment of acoustic load with equal energy but different time and informational characteristics]. / Fiziologo-gigienicheskaia otsenka ravnoénergeticheskoi zvukovoi nagruzki s razlichnoi vremennoi i informatsionnoi strukturoi.

The article deals with results of experimental study comparing effects of 4 types of acoustic load--noise (constant and impulse) and music (electronic symphonic one and rap)--on hearing sensitivity, processes in nervous system and subjective evaluation. All types of acoustic load were equal in energy (on evaluation according to equivalent level during the experiment). The study included 2 levels of load--90 and 95 dB. The differences revealed demonstrate importance of impulse parameters of noise and musical load for reactions of acoustic analyzer and central nervous system. The experiments show that evaluation of harm caused by temporary and impulse noises should be based not only on assessment of specific (hearing) function, but also on parameters of central nervous system state. The authors found that music of certain acoustic and informational parameters may harm hearing function.

[Importance of hygienic monitoring in detection of etiological mechanisms of chronic lead poisoning in battery production plants]. / Znachenie gigienicheskogo monitoringa v vyiavlenii zakonomernostei razvitiia khronicheskoi svintsovoi intoksikatsii na predpriiatiiakh akkumuliatornoi promyshlennosti.

The authors demonstrate importance of hygienic monitoring for describing the course of chronic lead intoxication among workers of storage battery production. The authors specify and describe the principles of hygienic monitoring program, grouped and individual parameters (hygienic, medical and biologic) that are risk factors for chronic lead intoxication and subjects of control. The article contains some examples demonstrating possibilities of hygienic monitoring for matching the occupational morbidity parameters of storage battery production workers with work conditions and other parameters influencing the disease.