[Epithelial protective therapy in comorbid diseases. Practical Guidelines for Physicians].

This document was produced with the support of the National Medical Association for the Study of Comorbidities (NASС). In 2021 the first multidisciplinary National Consensus on the pathophysiological and clinical aspects of Increased Epithelial Permeability Syndrome was published. The proposed guidelines are developed on the basis of this Consensus, by the same team of experts. Twenty-eight Practical Guidelines for Physicians statements were adopted by the Expert Council using the "delphic" method. Such main groups of epithelial protective drugs as proton pump inhibitors, bismuth drugs and probiotics are discussed in these Guidelines from the positions of evidence-based medicine. The clinical and pharmacological characteristics of such a universal epithelial protector as rebamipide, acting at the preepithelial, epithelial and subepithelial levels, throughout gastrointestinal tract, are presented in detail.

Vitamin Е activates expression of С/EBP alpha transcription factor and G-CSF receptor in leukemic K562 cells.

BACKGROUND: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder associated with the activity of BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the current treatment of CML, but secondary mutations finally contribute to therapy resistance and blast crisis of the disease. The search for the novel compounds for the effective control of CML is now in the spotlight. The progression of CML to blast crisis is correlated with down-modulation of C/EBP alpha. Therefore, C/EBP alpha may be considered as a putative target in differentiation therapies in myeloid leukemias. The aim of the study was to assess the potential of vitamin E as the possible inducer of C/EBP alpha expression in BCR-ABL-positive CML K562 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA extracted from K562 cells cultured with valproic acid or vitamin E was converted to cDNA, RT-PCR reactions were carried out using HotStarTaq DNA polymerase with primers for C/EBP alpha and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR). RESULTS: We have not found detectable expression of C/EBP alpha in K562 cells. Upon 48-h culture with vitamin E at a dose of 100 µM, K562 cells expressed both C/EBP alpha and G-CSFR. CONCLUSION: Vitamin E restored the expression of C/EBP alpha mRNA in chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. In this setting, G-CSFR expression in vitamin E treated K562 cells seems to suggest the activation to granulocytic differentiation. It should be further elucidated whether such effects of vitamin E on C/EBP alpha transcription factor are direct or mediated indirectly due to antioxidant properties of vitamin E.

[Role of Ku protein in normal and cancer cells].

Ku protein is a multifunctional heterodimer of eukaryotes that consists of two subunits: Ku70 and Ku80. It plays a critical role in the regulation of many cellular processes such as: non-homologous end-joining, V(D)J-recombination of immunoglobulin genes and genes of T-cellular receptors, transcription regulation, DNA replication. Now the existence of relation between Ku protein functioning and processes that lead to transformation of normal cells into cancerous ones is determined, in Ph-positive leukemias and multiple myelomas, in particular. Nevertheless, the machinery of this processes is not still completely understood and needs further researches.

Active shielding of cylindrical saddle-shaped coils: application to wire-wound RF coils for very low field NMR and MRI.

We provide an exact expression for the magnetic field produced by cylindrical saddle-shaped coils and their ideal shield currents in the low-frequency limit. The stream function associated with the shield surface current is also determined. The results of the analysis are useful for the design of actively shielded radio-frequency (RF) coils. Examples pertinent to very low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are presented and discussed.

[Examining the properties of hepatic cytosol and the efficiency of its use in the Biological Support Liver apparatus]. / Issledovanie svoistv tsitozolia pecheni i éffektivnosti sposoba ego ispol'zovaniia v apparate "Biologicheskaia vspomogatel'naia pechen'".

Clinical trials showed the minimum efficiency of various detoxifying methods (dialysis, charcoal adsorption, plasma exchange) in terms survival in acute hepatic insufficiency. Attempts were made to provide hepatic functions through ex vivo perfusion of the whole liver and tissue sections, but these methods remain a challenge to immune responses and blood clotting. This led to the development of the extracorporeal liver support systems and early clinical results encouraged further work in this area. The liver support system consists of a bioreactor containing a liver homogenate, a transfer mechanism, and a dialyzer that connects 2 closed contours. The apparatus is connected to the patient's blood system by means of an arteriovenous or venovenous shunt. The contact time of a liver homogenate and a patient's blood in the dialyzer and the diffusion rate of molecules of chemical substances determine the detoxifying and metabolic effects. Laboratory studies have demonstrated that the detoxifying activation method has high effects (increased biotransformation, decreased blood ammonia levels), decreases the intensity of pathological processes, normalizes blood components (higher levels of ATP, glucose, amino acids, vitamin C). Model and experimental studies of the efficiency of the method lead to the conclusion that it is expedient to apply it in medical practice.