Production of HD Molecules in Definite Hyperfine Substates.

Polarized atomic beam sources have been in operation for many years to produce either nuclear polarized atomic hydrogen or deuterium beams. In recent experiments, such a source was used to polarize both isotopes independently at the same time. By recombination of the atoms, hydrogen-deuterium molecules with all possible nuclear spin combinations can be created. Those spin isomers are useful for further applications, like precision spectroscopy, as polarized targets for laser-particle acceleration, polarized fuel for fusion reactors, or as an option for future measurements of electric dipole moments.

[Clinical experience with the use of rivaroxaban in the treatment of cancer patients with venous thrombosis]. / Klinicheskii opyt primeneniia rivaroksabana v lechenii patsientov s ostrymi venoznymi trombozami na fone onkopatologii.

The urgency of the problem. The incidence of various thromboembolic complications in patients with oncopathology reaches 5-12%. When treating VTE in patients with oncology it is necessary to choose between two generally recognized alternatives. The recommended two-component scheme of the initiating phase of anticoagulant therapy with subsequent long-term admission of VKA is fraught with the development of clinically significant bleeding during the initial selection of the dose of warfarin and an increased risk of recurrence of VTE. Long-term parenteral use of LMWH is often negatively treated by patients and adversely affects compliance. For these reasons, enteral administration of new oral anticoagulants is promising for prolonged anticoagulant therapy in this category of patients. The paper cites three clinical cases of treatment of patients with acute venous thrombosis of deep veins against a background of different oncological processes. In the first case - the operated previously for cancer, in the second case - to be treated over oncological process and in the third case - in the primary cancer detection. DISCUSSION: The results of the studies of EINSTEIN-DVT and EINSTEIN-PE allow us to consider the use of rivaroxaban in the treatment of patients with VTE on the background of oncopathology. The possibility of its use from the first day, in our opinion, is a significant advantage, since it allows us to reveal the clinical effectiveness of anticoagulant therapy already during the first stage of treatment, since NOAKs does not imply the possibility of laboratory monitoring.

[Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of compression hosiery «Mediven Plus¼ in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic venous diseases of the lower extremities].

This publication presents the results of a study aimed at assessing the justification of the use of compression hosiery «Mediven Plus¼ among patients in the older age group on the basis of demographic, anthropometric data (gender, age, weight of the patient; the volume of the lower leg, upper thigh), clinical examination, data of instrumental examination (duplex ultrasound, volumetry, legometry), data of laboratory tests (fibrinogen, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes). The effectiveness of therapeutic effects of compression underwear is proved for all parameters.

[The influence of the training of the muscular component of the musculo-venous pump in the lower extremities on the clinical course of varicose vein disease]. / Vliyanie trenirovki myshechnogo komponenta myshechno-venoznoi pompy nizhnikh konechnostei na techenie varikoznoi bolezni.

Investigations of the influence of the training of the muscular component of the musculo-venous pump in the lower extremities on the clinical course of varicose vein disease and correction of the step cycle are currently underway. AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the training of the muscular component of the musculo-venous pump in the lower extremities and of the correction of the step cycle on the quality of life of the patients presenting with varicose vein disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 22 patients with varicose veins in the lower extremities (CEAP clinical class C3 or C4). All the patients performed, twice daily during a total of 60 days, a specially designed complex of 7 exercise intended to strengthen the posterior muscle group of the lower legs and correct the step cycle. RESULTS: After 60 days, all the patients reported the appearance of the subjective signs suggesting positive dynamics of their condition. The following statistically significant changes were documented: reduction of the malleolar circumference, improvement of integral characteristics of the quality of life as evaluated with the use of the international questionnaire for the patients with chronic lower limb venous insufficiency (CIVIQ), normalization of the frequency and amplitude of modal oscillations in the soleus muscle revealed by electromyography. The correction of foot rolling muscles and the sequence of activation of the muscles involved in the first five phases of the cycle step increases the strength of contraction of the soleus muscle, promotes venous blood flow in the proximal direction, and thereby enhances the efficiency of the venous outflow. CONCLUSION: The development of adequate gain skills, the correction of the step cycle, and the strengthening of the muscular component of the musculo-venous pump lead to the improvement of the clinical course of varicose vein disease. The proposed complex of physical exercises provides an effective and pathogenetically sound additional tool for the treatment of the patients presenting with this pathology.

Production of hyperpolarized H_{2} molecules from H[over →] atoms in gas-storage cells.

The preservation of the nuclear polarization of hydrogen atoms during the recombination to molecules was observed on different surface materials in the temperature range from 45 to 100 K and for magnetic fields up to 1 T. On a gold and a fused quartz surface, the expected molecular polarization of about 50% or lower of the atomic polarization was measured, while a surface layer of perfluoropolyether (Fomblin) shows a nearly complete preservation (at least 97%) of the atomic polarization during the recombination process. Further experiments have the possibility of storing polarized deuterium molecules and to use them in nuclear-fusion installations. Another application might be the production of polarized substances for enhanced NMR techniques.

Cryogenic distillation facility for isotopic purification of protium and deuterium.

Isotopic purification of the protium and deuterium is an important requirement of many physics experiments. A cryogenic facility for high-efficiency separation of hydrogen isotopes with a cryogenic distillation column as the main element is described. The instrument is portable, so that it can be used at the experimental site. It was designed and built at the Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia. Fundamental operating parameters have been measured including a liquid holdup in the column packing, the pressure drops across the column and the purity of the product at different operating modes. A mathematical model describes expected profiles of hydrogen isotope concentration along the distillation column. An analysis of ortho-parahydrogen isomeric composition by gas chromatography was used for evaluation of the column performance during the tuning operations. The protium content during deuterium purification (≤100 ppb) was measured using gas chromatography with accumulation of the protium in the distillation column. A high precision isotopic measurement at the Institute of Particle Physics, ETH-Zurich, Switzerland, provided an upper bound of the deuterium content in protium (≤6 ppb), which exceeds all commercially available products.

Measurement of muon capture on the proton to 1% precision and determination of the pseudoscalar coupling gP.

The MuCap experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute has measured the rate Λ(S) of muon capture from the singlet state of the muonic hydrogen atom to a precision of 1%. A muon beam was stopped in a time projection chamber filled with 10-bar, ultrapure hydrogen gas. Cylindrical wire chambers and a segmented scintillator barrel detected electrons from muon decay. Λ(S) is determined from the difference between the µ(-) disappearance rate in hydrogen and the free muon decay rate. The result is based on the analysis of 1.2 × 10(10) µ(-) decays, from which we extract the capture rate Λ(S) = (714.9 ± 5.4(stat) ± 5.1(syst)) s(-1) and derive the proton's pseudoscalar coupling g(P)(q(0)(2) = -0.88 m(µ)(2)) = 8.06 ± 0.55.

[Improvement of rehabilitation efficiency in patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities].

The relationship between functional incompetence, development and severity of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities was investigated by the method of clinical analysis of locomotor activity. Results of the study may be used to choose an optimal therapeutic modality and assess dynamics of its efficiency. It was shown that the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency in the majority of the patients is inefficient unless functional activity of the lower extremities is recovered. Stimulation of the muscular-venous pump improves the outcome of postoperative rehabilitation, permits to reduce its duration, and improves quality of life of the patients.

Measurement of the muon capture rate in hydrogen gas and determination of the proton's pseudoscalar coupling gP.

The rate of nuclear muon capture by the proton has been measured using a new technique based on a time projection chamber operating in ultraclean, deuterium-depleted hydrogen gas, which is key to avoiding uncertainties from muonic molecule formation. The capture rate from the hyperfine singlet ground state of the microp atom was obtained from the difference between the micro(-) disappearance rate in hydrogen and the world average for the micro(+) decay rate, yielding Lambda(S)=725.0+/-17.4 s(-1), from which the induced pseudoscalar coupling of the nucleon, g(P)(q(2)=-0.88m(2)(micro))=7.3+/-1.1, is extracted.

[Dynamics of the indices of the prostacyclin-thromboxane system in adolescents with hypotensive type vegetovascular dysfunction exposed to hyperbaric oxygenation]. / Dinamika pokazatelei prostatsiklin-tromboksanovoi sistemy pod vliianiem giperbaricheskoi oksigenatsii u podrostkov s vegetososudistoi disfunktsiei po gipotenzivnomu tipu.

As many as 185 juveniles aged between 11 to 14 years presenting with hypotensive type vegetovascular dysfunction have been examined to study the time-related changes in the blood content of prostacyclin and tromboxane under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation. The control group copmrised 69 essentially healthy juvenile subjects the same age as those with dysfunction. Hyperbaric oxygenation has had a normalizing effect on indices for the prostacyclin-tromboxane system in those juveniles presenting with hypotensive type vegetovascular dysfunction, which fact can be explained by a drop in tenseness of mechanisms of the vegetative imbalance compensation.

[Convergence studies of hypothalamic neurons]. / Doslidzhennia konverhentsiï hipotalamichnykh neironiv.

In this study has been reveibed the peculiarities of convergence of afferent cortical inputs to the hypothalamic neurons. Single and the serial stimulation of phylogenetically distinct cortical areas (proreal cortex (field 8), cingular cortex (field 24), pyriform lobule (periamygdala cortex), and hippocampus (CA3) were used. We have established two main focuses of expressed convergence of signals from the above mentioned cortical areas. First of them was located in the lateral hypothalamus nucleus, second--in the centromedial hypothalamus nucleus. Single cortical stimulation was found to excite majority of hypothalamus neurons. Expressed prevalence of inhibitory responses over excitatory ones were found in case of serial stimulation application. This functional organisation of the hypothalamic nucleus allow to propose tonic character of the cortical influences due to serial stimulation and the eventual character of these influences due to single stimulation.

[An assessment of the manifestation of the functional connections between brain structures]. / Otsenka vyrazhennosti funktsional'nykh sviazei mezhdu strukturami golovnogo mozga.

Responses of hypothalamic neurons to single (1/s, 20 impulses) stimulation of the prefrontal (area 8), cingulum (area 24), periamygdaloideus (RPA) cortex and hippocampus (field CA3) were studied on experimental cats anesthetized with ketamine. The routine elaborated for IBM PC/AT 386 provided: 1) selection of such neurone reaction with the latent period variation less than its length per the set value (5-20%); 2) selection of repeated neurone reactions with the same variability of latent periods from 20 cortical stimuli; 3) ranging of neurone reactions according to these indices. Quantitative estimation of the priority ranges made it possible to determine the profundity of the functional relations between the cerebral structures.

[Sources of cortical, hypothalamic and spinal serotoninergic projections: topical organization in the dorsal Raphe nucleus]. / Istochniki kortikal'nykh, gipotalamicheskikh i spinal'nykh serotoninergicheskikh proektsii: topicheskaia organizatsiia v predelakh dorsal'nogo iadra shva.

Distribution of primuline, fast blue, fluoro-gold and nuclear yellow-labelled monoamine-containing cells in periventricular gray and dorsolateral tegmentum (including locus coeruleus) was studied in the rat after injection of these fluorochromes into the frontal cortex, hypothalamus and spinal cord. Combination of monoamine fluorescence method and retrograde cell-labelling was used. Two big groups of serotonin-positive cells projecting into the upper thoracic spinal segments were found in dorsomedial zone of the dorsal raphe. Part of these units also had divergent axon projections to the frontal cortex. Such cellular arrangement allows a supposition that analgetic effects of dorsal raphe stimulation can be partially based on the direct participation of this structure in the descending control at the spinal level. Neurones, sources of cortical projections are intermingled with the cells projecting to the hypothalamus but some topical differentiation can be distinguished. Neurotransmitter and neuroregulatory roles of separate cortical and hypothalamic projections of serotonin-containing neurons of the dorsal raphe cells is discussed.

[Reactions of neurons of the preoptic area in the presence of serial cortical stimuli]. / Osobennosti reaktsii neironov preopticheskoi oblasti na pred"iavlenie seriinykh kortikal'nykh stimulov.

Evoked potentials (EPs) and neuronal responses of the medial (MPO) and lateral (LPO) preoptic region (RPO) and adjacent areas of the anterior hypothalamus to serial (6-300 s) stimulation of the prefrontal (area 8), cingulum (area 24), periamygdaloideus (RPA) cortex and hippocampus (field CA3) were studied on experimental cats anesthetized by ketamine. Cortical areas were selected according to their evolutionary status. Responses of preoptic neurons to serial stimulation were grouped into four main types: excitatory, inhibitory, excitatory on-off-effect and inhibitory on-off-effect. No pronounced changes in the patterns of response reactions were found when frequency of the stimuli increased, only intensity of the reactions changed. Neurons responding to serial cortical stimulation were located mainly in the central part of the MPO and in the basal part of the LPO. These areas of the RPO contained neurons with the most pronounced convergence of different cortical stimuli to the same cell. In serial cortical stimulation inhibitory reactions developed more frequently than excitatory ones (ratio 3.4:1). A gradient of inhibitory reactions to stimulation of different cortical areas was observed while comparing them in terms of evolution from new to old structures. Prevalence of inhibitory responses over excitatory ones was minimal (ratio 1.7:1), when the neocortex (area 8) was stimulated and it was more pronounced (ratio 1.9:1) during stimulation of the evolutionary intermediate cortex (area 24). That prevalence was still more significant (ratio 4.5:1) in case of paleocortical (RPA) stimulation and it was the most pronounced (ratio 10.2:1) during stimulation of the archicortex (hippocampus).

[An organizational analysis of the neurons forming the descending cortico-hypothalamic pathways]. / Analiz organizatsii neironov, obrazuiushchikh niskhodiashchie kortiko-gipotalamicheskie puti.

Quantitative assessment of spatial organization of cortical neurons forming descending fibre systems and hypothalamic structures has been made using technique of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. Heterogeneity of cortico-hypothalamic bonds is determined: the prefrontal cortex exerts a more pronounced effect on the hypothalamus as compared with other cortical areas of the limbic brain. Cortico-hypothalamic neurons form neuronal groups on different frontal levels of the prefrontal cortex and convolution of the cingulum, a form and orientation of the group being determined by the topography of dominating axonal systems running to the hypothalamus. There are various forms of cell associations in the frames of neuronal populations. Ensemble groupings of neurons may underlie the principle of organization of direct cortico-hypothalamic ways.

[Responses of neurons of hypothalamic nuclei to stimulation of the frontobasal regions of the neocortex]. / Reaktsii neironov iader gipotalamusa na razdrazhenie frontaobazal'nykh otdelov neokorteksa.

Neuronal responses of different hypothalamic nuclei to frontobasal cerebral cortex (proreal, posterior orbital, basal and temporal regions) were studied in acute experiments on cats narcotized by membutal mixed with chloraloze. Neurons which could be activated antidromically during stimulation of another region were recorded. On the basis of their response a number of neuronal chains (circles) functioning in forebrain was distinguished. The first chain is orbital gyrus--preoptical zone--proreal gyrus. The second chain has the same cortical components as the first one, but switching over in the hypothalamus takes place in the region of mamillary bodies. The third chain is basal temporal cortex--lateral hypothalamus--prefrontal cortex.