A literature review of quetiapine for generalized anxiety disorder.

To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), a literature search of the Medline database was conducted from inception to May 2014. The search was not restricted by language. Keywords used in the search were quetiapine and generalized anxiety disorder or anxiety. All studies assessing the use of quetiapine as monotherapy or adjunct therapy for the primary management of GAD in adults 18-65 years of age were included in this review. The nine studies included in this review were three studies evaluating the use of quetiapine extended release (XR) as monotherapy for acute GAD treatment, one study evaluating quetiapine XR monotherapy for maintenance treatment of GAD, and five studies evaluating quetiapine (2 XR, 3 immediate release) as adjunct therapy for acute GAD treatment. Quetiapine displayed both efficacy and tolerability in all monotherapy trials evaluating its use for acute and long-term treatment of GAD. Despite some limitations to and heterogeneity among the five adjunct therapy studies, three studies showed that quetiapine resulted in statistically significant changes in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale or Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness Scale scores. Although future studies of longer duration with broader inclusion criteria are needed to further evaluate the benefits and risks of quetiapine for GAD, in patients failing to respond to conventional antidepressant therapy, quetiapine may be a potential treatment option. With appropriate monitoring and management of adverse effects, the potential benefits of quetiapine in patients with treatment-refractory GAD may outweigh the risks associated with its use.

An evaluation of inpatient treatment continuation and hospital readmission rates in patients with bipolar disorder treated with aripiprazole or quetiapine.

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to assess patient and treatment variables that have an impact on inpatient antipsychotic treatment continuation and 30-day hospital readmission rates in patients with bipolar disorder treated with aripiprazole or quetiapine. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with bipolar disorder admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Patients who were initiated on aripiprazole or quetiapine during hospitalization were included in the analysis. The two groups were compared with regards to antipsychotic treatment continuation to discharge and 30-day hospital readmission rates using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients were included in the study. No difference in inpatient antipsychotic treatment continuation rates to discharge were observed, with 85.3% and 84.9% of patients in the aripiprazole and quetiapine cohorts, respectively, continuing treatment with the index antipsychotic to discharge (p = 0.92). Logistic regression analysis revealed that patients were more likely to be prescribed their index antipsychotic at discharge if they were younger than 40 years of age (OR = 2.05, 95% CI =1.08-3.89) and/or diagnosed with a bipolar depressed (OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.05-8.85) or mixed episode (OR = 4.14, 95% CI = 1.24-13.87) compared with a manic episode. Patients treated with divalproex (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.25-0.94) or a benzodiazepine (OR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18-0.75) at discharge were less likely to be prescribed the index antipsychotic at discharge. Continuation of the index antipsychotic to discharge did not have an impact on readmission rates; admissions during the year before the index hospitalization were the only predictor of 30-day readmission rates (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.08-5.48). CONCLUSION: No difference was observed in inpatient antipsychotic treatment continuation and 30-day hospital readmission rates in patients treated with either aripiprazole or quetiapine.

Adjunct mirtazapine for negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are characterized by affective flattening, alogia, avolition, and anhedonia and are often nonresponsive to antipsychotic therapy. Because negative symptoms are predictive of poor occupational and social functioning, as well as poor global outcomes, numerous studies evaluating adjunct therapy to antipsychotics have been conducted. This review focuses on the use of the antidepressant mirtazapine as adjunct therapy to antipsychotics for the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. A literature search of the MEDLINE database (from inception-March 2011) identified eight relevant articles: six were randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, and two were open-label trials. Of the six randomized trials reviewed, four studies assessed add-on mirtazapine to second-generation antipsychotics, whereas two studies examined add-on mirtazapine to first-generation antipsychotics. Five of the six randomized trials supported the use of mirtazapine for negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Of the two open-label trials, one naturalistic study demonstrated that mirtazapine add-on therapy to clozapine was not associated with improvements in negative symptoms; however, this study focused primarily on improvements in cognition, not negative symptoms. An open-label extension phase to a randomized controlled trial showed that mirtazapine continued to produce significant improvement in negative symptoms over a longer duration of time, when added to first-generation antipsychotic therapy. Overall, mirtazapine appears to be well tolerated and associated with few drug interactions. Although adjunct mirtazapine to antipsychotics has been shown to be effective at doses of 30 mg/day in most of the trials, limitations of these studies include short study duration and small sample sizes. To improve generalizability, larger multicenter studies with broader inclusion criteria should be conducted. In addition, studies of longer duration that use different mirtazapine dosages are needed to further assess the benefits of mirtazapine for negative symptoms of schizophrenia.