RESUMO
This study reports the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup M diversity in two tribal populations of South India. The aim of this study was to analyze and establish a mitochondrial profile to know the genetic origin and relatedness of people of India. MtDNA variability of the complete mitochondrial genome was analyzed by the Sanger sequencing method. Our results revealed novel sub-lineages of haplogroup: M2, M3, M6, M35, M65, and an M* lineage, indicating a deep in-situ origin and spread of haplogroup M lineages in India, shared with many tribal and caste populations.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Haplótipos/genética , Antropologia Física , Análise por Conglomerados , Etnicidade/história , Genética Populacional , História Antiga , Humanos , Índia , FilogeniaRESUMO
Background: The phylogeny of major mitochondrial DNA haplogroups has played a key role in assessing the people of India through molecular genetics. Aim: To resolve the phylogeny and phylogeographic pattern of autochthonous haplogroup R with its descendant haplogroup U in the Urali Kuruman tribal population of Southern India. Subjects and methods: Complete mitogenome sequences of 40 individuals were amplified and sequenced using the Sanger sequencing method. Mutations were scored referring to the revised Cambridge reference sequence, and phylogenetic trees were constructed using previously described sequences. Results: Novel sub-lineages of haplogroup R30: R30a1c1, and U1: U1a1c1d2, U1a1c1d2a were identified. Urali Kurumans pooled ancestry with the native Iranians sharing the sub-haplogroups R30a1c and U1a1c1d. The coalescence ages estimated for the sub-haplogroup R30a1c dates â¼ 9.4 ± 3.5 Kya and for subclade U1a1c1d dates â¼ 9.1 ± 2.7 Kya. Conclusion: The study revealed a genetic link between Iran and South Asia in the Neolithic time, indicating bidirectional migration and admixture.
Assuntos
Migração Humana , Herança Materna/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Índia , Irã (Geográfico) , FilogeografiaRESUMO
Unfortunately, the original version of this article was published with an error in the second sentence of the 'Molecular dating' section.
RESUMO
The subsequent human migrations that dispersed out of Africa, both prehistoric and historic and colonization of India by modern humans is unanimous, and phylogeny of major mitochondrial DNA haplogroups have played a key role in assessing the genetic origin of people of India. To address more such events, complete mitogenomes of 113 Melakudiya tribe of Southern India were sequenced and 46 individuals showed the presence of west Eurasian autochthonous haplogroups HV14 and U7. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two novel subclades HV14a1b and HV14a1b1 and sequences representing haplogroup U7 were included under previously described subclade U7a3a1a2* specific to India. Moreover, the present analysis on complete mtDNA reveals addition information of the spread and distribution of west Eurasian haplogroups in southern India, in tracing an unexplored genetic link between Melakudiya tribe with the people of Iranian Plateau, South Caucasus, and Central Asia. Coalescence ages of HV14 and U7a3a1a2* trees in the present study dates ~ 16.1 ± 4.3 and ~ 13.4 ± 5.6 kya respectively.
Assuntos
DNA Mitocondrial/genética , Etnicidade/genética , Genoma Mitocondrial/genética , Povo Asiático/genética , Feminino , Variação Genética/genética , Genética Populacional/métodos , Haplótipos/genética , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/genética , Filogenia , Filogeografia/métodos , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodosRESUMO
For species in which mating is resource-independent and offspring do not receive parental care, theoretical models of age-based female mate preference predict that females should prefer to mate with older males as they have demonstrated ability to survive. Thus, females should obtain a fitness benefit from mating with older males. However, male aging is often associated with reductions in quantity of sperm. The adaptive significance of age-based mate choice is therefore unclear. Various hypotheses have made conflicting predictions concerning this issue, because published studies have not investigated the effect of age on accessory gland proteins and sperm traits. D. melanogaster exhibits resource-independent mating, and offspring do not receive parental care, making this an appropriate model for studying age-based mate choice. In the present study, we found that D. melanogaster females of all ages preferred to mate with the younger of two competing males. Young males performed significantly greater courtship attempts and females showed least rejection for the same than middle-aged and old males. Young males had small accessory glands that contained very few main cells that were larger than average. Nevertheless, compared with middle-aged or old males, the young males transferred greater quantities of accessory gland proteins and sperm to mated females. As a result, females that mated with young male produced more eggs and progeny than those that mated with older males. Furthermore, mating with young male reduced female's lifespan. These studies indicate that quantity of accessory gland proteins and sperm traits decreased with male age and females obtain direct fitness benefit from mating with preferred young males.
