Parental Perception, Prevalence and Primary Care Physicians' Knowledge on Childhood Food Allergy in Croatia.

Food allergy in children is increasing and the perception of food allergy among parents is even more common. In a questionnaire-based study of 702 children aged 6 to 48 months in four primary care settings, the aim was to determine the prevalence of perception vs. proven food allergy, parental anxiety and general pediatrician knowledge of food allergy. In 95/702 children (13.5%) parentally-reported food was associated reactions. IgE and/or skin prick test (SPT) and/or an open provocation test were performed in 48 (6.8%) and allergy was proven in 38 (5.4%) children. Discrepancy between parental perception and proven allergy is significant (p < 0.001), especially for food other than milk, egg and peanut (p < 0.001). Allergy to milk was the most common. Allergy to peanut was significantly more common in children ≥2 years (p < 0.05). Severe reactions occurred in 5/95 (5.2%) of all children and in 5/38 (13.1%) of allergic children, in 3/5 caused by peanut. Parents of children with proven allergy do not experience high degree of anxiety. The perception of food allergy among general pediatricians is limited, and in children with severe reactions precautionary measures and information to parents were insufficient. Parents and general pediatricians need additional education in food allergy.

Antropological measurement of the calcaneus.

Transfer of the forces from the trunk to the lower extremities end on calcaneus which transports these forces to the pad, and that is why it is very important to research this bone. This study was done on 57 calcaneal bones of the osteological collection of the Department of Anatomy "Drago Perovic" Zagreb School of Medicine and Department of Anatomy Osijek School of Medicine. The intention was to notice the regularity of the relations between specific dimensions and bone mass and structure, which is of great importance for understanding interrelation between biomechanical parameters of calcaneus and development of involutive changes. In this study geometrical parameters of the calcaneus have been defined, so length of the whole bone and especially frontal and back part, width, height, weight of dry bone, volume, geometrical surface of lateral and longitudinal cross section have been measured on every anatomical specimen. --Mean value, standard deviation and standard error have been calculated for every measured parameter. Positive correlation between most of the parameters of the calcaneus and negative correlation between specific weight and surface of cross section have been found. Coefficient of variation is the highest for weight, and the smallest for width.

Antropological measurement of the sacroiliac joint.

This study was done on 65 isolated pelvic bones, These cadavers belonged to adult people of mature and old age, and they had no pathological changes. These measurements were performed on osteological collection of Department of Anatomy Drago Perovic. Many geometrical parameters of facies auricularis were measured, which we considered important for further studies, simulations of joint's action, transfer calculations of the forces from spine to hip joint. We used paper, which partially adapted to the surface of facies auricularis, so the values are closer to real ones than projection values. The results have shown that the average surface of facies auricularis is 13.46 cm(2). There was no statistical significance found between left and right cadavers. For easier orientation we divided surface of facies auricularis into two parts: vertical and horizontal. Height of the vertical part was 3.99 cm, while the width was 2.05 cm. Height of horizontal part was 2.07 cm and the width 3.62 cm.