NONINVASIVE ENCAPSULATED ANAPLASTIC THYROID CARCINOMA PROMISING AN EXCELLENT CLINICAL COURSE: A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

CONTEXT: Noninvasive encapsulated anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (NE-ATCs) have been described in few case reports, and consistently associated with favorable outcome compared to the classical ATCs. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to remark a rare histological finding in ATCs, encapsulation, which has been associated with a favorable outcome. DESIGN: We have documented a rare case of an NE-ATC with its clinical, pathological, and molecular features. We also provided a thorough discussion of all the encapsulated ATCs reported in the literature. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A 50-year-old woman with an unremarkable medical history, who presented with a thyroid nodule, and diagnosed as "follicular lesion of undetermined significance" by fine needle aspiration biopsy. The patient was lost to follow-up for six years and revisited upon her neck disturbances and underwent total thyroidectomy. RESULTS: Sections of the right lobe revealed a grossly encapsulated nodular lesion, measuring 75x55x55 mm. Histologically, the tumor consisted of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components supported by immunohistochemical stains. Necrosis and atypical mitotic figures were evident. Capsular and/or vascular invasion was not identified. There were no BRAF codon 600, KRAS, NRAS mutations and RET/PTC rearrangement. During three-month follow-up, the patient was free of disease without adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION: Encapsulated ATCs tend to follow a favorable clinical course and may deserve conservative treatment approaches.

A comparative analysis of angiopoietin 2 immunohistochemical staining in various stages of lung cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The role of Angiopoietin 2 (Ang 2), which is necessary for tumor growth, extension, and metastasis is not fully elucidated. The presented study aimed to investigate the relationship between Ang 2 staining intensity, expression rate in tumor tissue, and the stage of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty cases of lung cancer (34 non-small and 16 small cell cases) were included in the study. Immunohistochemistry was done to evaluate Ang 2 staining intensity and expression rate in tumor and stromal cells of lung cancer tissue. RESULTS: Ang 2 was positive for 45 (90%) cases and negative for five (10%) cases (P = 0.04). There was a significant correlation between Ang 2 expression rate of expression and the histologic type of lung cancer (P = 0.033). Ang 2 expression rate in tumor cells of cancer tissues diagnosed with adenocarcinoma was low. There was a significant correlation between Ang 2 expression rate in stromal cells of cancer tissue and the type of lung cancer (P = 0.021). Stromal cell expression rate of Ang 2 in adenocarcinoma was found to be low. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, the relationship between lung cancer stage and Ang 2 was documented with this study and the expression rate was found to be lower in adenocarcinomas. By this analysis, we can suggest that angiopoietins may be used as an option for targeted treatment in lung cancer.

The presence of Helicobacter pylori in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

A definitive relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) and upper respiratory tract disorders has not been established. In this case-control study, we investigated the relationship between HP and laryngeal carcinoma by real-time PCR method in Turkey. 74 subjects were enrolled from patients who were admitted to the Otolaryngology Department. Formalin-fixed-paraffin-embedded tissue samples with laryngeal cancer were used and all samples were evaluated by real-time PCR method. Our study population included 72 males and 2 females with a mean age range of 62.7 years. Helicobacter Pylori was detected in only one case. The positive case was also investigated with histopathologic evaluation and HP immunohistochemistry. However, we could not detect HP in this case with both methods. This study revealed that HP might not contribute to the pathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma. A definitive relationship between HP and upper respiratory tract disorders has not been established.

Prevalence of the DNA repair enzyme-NEIL1 gene mutation in patients with type 2 diabetes in the Turkish population.

In spite of the fact that an indirect relationship between NEIL1 gene and Type 2 diabetes has been demonstrated in animal model studies, there have been no human studies showing this relationship. In our study, we aimed to show the relationship between NEIL1 mutation and Type 2 diabetes in humans. The study group consisted 70 patients with Type 2 diabetes and the control group consisted of 50 healthy individuals. The mean age was 53±11 yr and 49±11 yr, respectively. Two NEIL1 mutations (2.9%) were detected in the patient group. There was A→G change (133A→G) at the 133. position of the 8th exon with 257 bp length in base sequencing. There was no mutation in the control group. We searched NEIL1 gene mutation for the first time in patients with Type 2 diabetes. This mutation was "silent" as it did not cause any amino acid change. The effects of these mutations on the etiopathogenesis of disease are not known. Although the lysine encoded by AAG was identical to the lysine encoded by AAA, it is not clear if they have functional differences due to the changing environmental conditions. NEIL1 gene mutation may have causative role in the development of Type 2 diabetes.