[Improvement of the organization of oncological aid under conditions of specific technogenic load on the population].

Social and economic disbenifits due to mortality from malignant neoplasms were estimated taking into account the losses of man-years of work, mean life expectancy for the sick, losses from temporary disablement and invalidization caused by malignancies, and the cost of oncological aid. The study was based at an area in Uzbekistan subjected to pollution by industrial wastes from an uranium-extracting enterprise. A special purpose-oriented program has been elaborated for the correction of oncological aid currently provided to the workers of the Navoi mining and metallurgical works and the local population. Its implementation resulted in a 13% reduction of standardized mortality from malignant neoplasm in 2004 compared with 1999 and another 24% in 2009. The disbenefit prevented by the reduction of mortality at active ages is estimated at 60,6 mln rubles.

[Medical and social importance of oncologic morbidity and mortality in able-bodied residents of technogenic peripheral regions].

Using comparative analysis of levels, structure and dynamics of oncologic morbidity over 1992-2004, the author estimated medical, social and economic damage caused by oncologic mortality in Navoi region of Uzbekistan Republic. Findings are that total loss of man-years, connected with oncologic mortality, in Navoi region equalled to 3700 man-years in 2004. Average number of years lost by one died with malignancy equals 14.1 years in males, at able-bodied age--11.6 years, in females--18.3 and 11.8 years respectively. Results show that economic damage due to malignancies is formed from the oncologic mortality, the transitory disablement and the disability due to malignancies in working population, as well as from expenses of medical care for oncologic patients.

[Scientific basis for complex anti-cancer program in area containing uranium-extracting enterprises].

The authors studied oncologic morbidity and mortality in area containing Navoisky mining metallurgy enterprise in Uzbekhistan. Evidence is that workers engaged into the main process in the enterprise and over at least 60% of working time subjected to occupational carcinogens have oncologic risk over 10 times exceeding that in the reference group. Workers engaged into the auxiliary processes and periodically subjected to occupational carcinogens over at most 40% of working time have relative oncologic risk ratio equal to 3. Oncologic morbidity in the workers having no direct exposure to occupational carcinogens is at most 2 times higher than that of general population. The authors specified and justified a goal-oriented complex anti-cancer program in the enterprise, for improving the activities of its oncologic service.

[Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus before and after successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy].

OBJECTIVE: to describe cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus before and after successful endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 8 patients (7-21 years old) with chronic obstructive hydrocephalus due to tectal plate glioma were investigated before and after successful ETV. Apart from clinical and MRI assessment ICP-monitoring (ICP0) and intraventricular infusion studies were performed as well as upright ICP (ICP90) was investigated preoperatively and on 1st and 7th postoperative days (POD). Dynamic changes were assessed using Wilcoxon matched pairs test. RESULTS: There were no complications. MRI demonstrated functional ventriculostomy and reduced ventricle size in all cases. At follow-up all ETV's were considered clinically successful. By the 7th POD ICP0 showed tendency to reduction (p = 0.07) and ICP90 reduced significantly (p = 0.02). Significant reduction of Rcsf was evident by the 1st POD (p = 0.03) and was maintained until the 7th POD (p = 0.02). Elastance coefficient and compliance (as measured during infusion study) didn't change significantly in relation to ETV. In all the 3 cases when computerized ICP monitoring was used reduction of ICP pulse amplitude (AMP), AMP/ICP slope and RAP was noted by the 7-th POD which most probably reflects reduction of intracranial elastance. CONCLUSION: Effect of ETV in chronic obstructive hydrocephalus cannot be explained exclusively by its influence on ICP0; clinical improvement can possibly be attributed also to normalization of ICP90 and Rcsf, reduction of intracranial elastance and increase of cerebral blood flow reserve capabilities. There may be a pathophysiological ground for ETV in obstructive hydrocephalus with normal ICP.