RESUMO
As the gastrointestinal tract may also be a crucial entry or interaction site of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the role of the gut mucosal immune system as a first-line physical and immunological defense is critical. Furthermore, gastrointestinal involvement and symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have been linked to worse clinical outcomes. This review discusses recent data on the interactions between the virus and the immune cells and molecules in the mucosa during the infection. By carrying out appropriate investigations, the mucosal immune system role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in therapy and prevention can be established. In line with this, COVID-19 vaccines that stimulate mucosal immunity against the virus may have more advantages than the others.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Imunidade nas Mucosas , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Trato Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Mucosa , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different seminal plasma proteins (SPPs) on boar spermatozoa functional characteristics. We investigated the putative protective effect of SSPs on sperm cells motility and velocity, as well as on the integrity of the plasma membrane (PM) during low-temperature storage at 4 °C. SPPs fractions were obtained and purified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Nine fractions of SPPs were obtained and further characterized by 12% sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Sperm computer analysis (SCA) after incubation of spermatozoa with separated proteins revealed that fraction 6 consisting of low molecular weight (MW) proteins could preserve spermatozoa motility and velocity better when compared to those with higher MW. Two-dimensional (2D) elecrtophoretic analysis showed that fraction 6 contained proteins with the following MW and isoelectric point (pI): 16 kDa and pI 7.35, 18 kDa and pI 5.20, 19 kDa and pI 7.35, 26 kDa and pI 4.50, 26 kDa and pI 4.30, 29 kDa and pI 5.85.