Dermatopathology.

A female in fifties, presented with grouped multiple, skin-coloured asymptomatic, slowly growing nodules on right buttock for 2 years. Cutaneous examination, multiple discrete to confluent skin coloured firm subcutaneous nodules of size ranging from 1x1 cm to 4x3 cm on right buttock. Histopathological examination showed ectopic mature adipocytes in the dermis.

Conventional suspension delivery versus tattooing pen-assisted suspension delivery in non-cultured epidermal cell suspension procedure for vitiligo: A randomized controlled trial.

Non-cultured epidermal suspension (NCES) is one of the most widely used surgical therapy for stable vitiligo patients in which recipient size preparation plays an important role in the outcome of NCES. The primary objective is to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of conventional suspension delivery after manual dermabrasion (CSMD) versus tattooing pen-assisted suspension delivery (TPSD) in NCES. Paired vitiligo units (VU) in 36 patients, matched with respect to size and location were divided into two groups. The VU in Group 1 underwent suspension delivery by CSMD while the VU in Group 2 underwent same by TPSD. All the VU were followed up at regular intervals until 24 weeks. At the end of 24 weeks, 31 VU (86.1%) in Group 1 achieved >75% repigmentation which was significantly higher (p = .02, chi-square test) as compared to 22 VU (61.1%) in Group 2. The color matching in both the groups VU was also comparable (p = .84, chi-square test). The patient global assessment (PGA) was significantly higher in Group 1 VU as compared to Group 2. Treatment response in terms of repigmentation and PGA was significantly better in VU treated with CSMD as compared to TPSD. Recipient site complications were seen more commonly in Group 1 VU as compared to Group 2. Perilesional halo at the recipient site was seen in none of the VU in Group 2 which was significantly lower than 6 VU in Group 1 than (p = .02, chi-square test). Better results may be possible with technical improvisations in tattooing pen needle diameter and depth of penetration.

Efficacy and safety of weekend cyclosporine treatment as maintenance therapy for preventing frequent disease exacerbations in moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis patients - A retrospective cohort study.

Background Psoriasis is a chronic, inflammatory, systemic disease with predominant manifestations in the skin and joints impairing patient's quality of life. A proportion of patients have frequent severe disease exacerbations requiring repeated systemic treatments. There is a scarcity of literature evaluating the role of systemic maintenance therapy in psoriasis patients in preventing such frequent disease flares. Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of weekend cyclosporine treatment (WCT) as maintenance therapy in moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis patients for the prevention of frequent disease exacerbations. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 22 psoriasis patients with a history of frequent disease exacerbations (≥ 3 in the last 1 year) who were administered WCT (group A) were compared with the same number of matched patients (age and gender) not on WCT or any systemic maintenance therapy (group B). Results Four patients (18.2%) in group A had disease exacerbations which was significantly lower (p = 0.00, Fisher's exact test) as compared to 21 patients (95.5%) in group B during the study period. Also, patients in group A had significantly lower number of overall exacerbations [mean ± SD: 0.23 ± 0.53 vs 2.95 ± 1.43) p = 0.00, Mann-Whitney U test] as compared to group B. Four (9.1%) patients in group A encountered adverse effects (acneiform eruptions - two, mild gingival hyperplasia - one, myalgia - one) as compared to three (acneiform eruptions - two, headache - one) in group B (p = 1.00). Conclusion WCT significantly reduced the number of disease exacerbations and is a safe and effective mode of maintenance therapy in such subset of psoriasis patients.

Oral Acitretin Plus Topical Triamcinolone vs Topical Triamcinolone Monotherapy in Patients With Symptomatic Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP) can be challenging to treat. Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral acitretin plus topical triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), 0.1%, with TAC monotherapy in patients with symptomatic OLP. Design, Setting, and Participants: This monocentric, investigator-initiated, placebo-controlled, investigator- and patient-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 2018 to June 2020 at the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, a tertiary referral center in Chandigarh, India. Sixty-four patients 18 years or older with symptomatic OLP were recruited by consecutive sampling. Data were analyzed from July to December 2020. Intervention: The patients were randomized to receive either a combination of oral acitretin (25-35 mg/d) and TAC (treatment group) or TAC in combination with placebo (placebo group) for 28 weeks, with an additional 8 weeks of treatment-free follow-up after the end of treatment (36 weeks of total study duration). Main Outcomes and Measures: The disease severity and treatment response were assessed using Oral Disease Severity Score (ODSS), Oral Health Impact Profile 14 (OHIP-14), and visual analog scale (VAS). The primary aim was to assess the number of patients achieving ODSS-75 (75% reduction in ODSS compared with baseline) in both groups at 28 weeks and at the end of 36 weeks. Results: Among 64 patients, 31 in the treatment group and 30 in the placebo group completed the study (mean [SD] age, 50.6 [15.2] years vs 49.2 [14.4] years; male-female ratio, 13:19 vs 16:16). Baseline ODSS, visual analog scale, and Oral Health Impact Profile 14 scores were comparable in both groups. In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was a statistically significant higher number of patients achieving 75% or higher reduction in ODSS in the treatment group compared with the placebo group at the end of 28 weeks (28 [88%] vs 15 [47%], a 41 [95% CI, 20-61] percentage point difference between groups; P < .001; Cramér V = 0.47) and 36 weeks (27 [84%] vs 13 [41%], a 43 [95% CI, 23-67] percentage point difference between groups; P < .001; Cramér V = 0.47). Relapses during the posttreatment follow-up of 8 weeks were low among patients in both treatment and placebo groups (1 [3%] vs 2 [6%], a 3 [95% CI, -13 to 7] percentage point difference between groups; P > .99; Cramér V = 0.07). Conclusion and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, the combination of oral acitretin and TAC was more effective than TAC monotherapy in patients with symptomatic OLP. Trial Registration: Clinical Trial Registry of India Identifier: CTRI/2018/11/016448.

Differences among Indian and European pemphigus patients based on demographics, clinical parameters and propensity for relapse: results of a prospective bicontinental cohort study.

Limited studies have explored pemphigus variations among different ethnic groups residing in their respective geographical locations. This bicontinental study aimed to compare clinical and immunological parameters in Indian and European pemphigus patients in complete remission, off therapy, or on minimal therapy. 105 patients (India, n= 75; Bulgaria, n=15; Greece, n=15) with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) or pemphigus foliaceous (PF) in complete remission on minimal therapy (n=64) or complete remission off therapy (n=41) were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and immunological parameters were compared. Indian patients were significantly younger, the maximal disease severity during the preceding active disease phase was significantly lower, and treatment duration until complete remission was significantly shorter, compared to European patients. European patients had significantly higher anti-Dsg3 serum levels and higher IgG positivity rate based on direct immunofluorescence microscopy at baseline. Furthermore, European patients revealed higher CD19, CD19+ CD27+ cell counts, compared with patients from India. Of note, none of the European patients (n=30) relapsed within the study period, in contrast to 29/75 (38.6%) Indian patients. Treatment strategies differed significantly between the two cohorts, with more frequent utilization of rituximab to achieve remission in the Indian cohort, while prednisolone was more widely used for maintaining remission in the European cohort. The observed heterogeneity of pemphigus among patients of different ethnicities in terms of demographics, clinical parameters, and propensity for relapse may be due to genetic background or different treatment strategies.

Pediatric autoimmune blistering disorders - a five-year demographic profile and therapy experience.

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of literature on pediatric autoimmune bullous disorders (AIBD) in the Indian population. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinico-demographic profile of pediatric AIBDs in our patients and their response to various therapeutic modalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective chart review of patients enrolled in our immunobullous disease clinic from November 2013 to August 2019. The clinical records of all the patients aged less than 18 years old with a definitive diagnosis of AIBD were reviewed based on clinical, histopathological, and immunological features. RESULTS: Forty out of 1209 patients with AIBD (3.3%) belonged to the pediatric age group. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) was the most common AIBD (24, 60%) followed by chronic bullous disease of childhood (CBDC) at 15% (6) and pemphigus foliaceus (PV) at 12.5% (5). Subepidermal blistering disorders had a significantly younger age of onset (P = 0.04) compared to intraepidermal blistering disorders but higher frequency of achieving complete remission off therapy (P = 0.02). The mean time to achieve remission was significantly shorter in PV patients treated with a combination of rituximab and corticosteroids compared to those treated with oral prednisolone and oral immunosuppressive adjuvants (P = 0.001). Rituximab was tolerated well in all 12 pemphigus patients. Oral lesions in PV patients took significantly longer time to achieve remission compared to the cutaneous lesions (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: PV was the most common pediatric AIBD in Indian patients. Rituximab was a safe and effective modality of treatment in moderate to severe pediatric pemphigus.

Comparison of overall efficacy and safety of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in severe psoriasis.

Subcutaneous (SC) methotrexate (MTX) is considered to be associated with a higher and predictable linear bioavailability as compared to oral MTX. Although various studies have reported SC MTX to be safe and effective in psoriasis, prospective head-to-head comparative trials on oral versus SC MTX are limited. To compare the efficacy and safety of SC versus oral MTX in severe psoriasis. It was a prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, in 100 eligible, adult patients of severe psoriasis randomized into two groups. Group-A (n = 50) patients were started on oral MTX at a full dose of 0.3 mg/kg/week (maximum 25 mg/week) given for 12 weeks or till achieving PASI90 [90% reduction in Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) from baseline], whichever was earlier and group-B (n = 50) patients received SC MTX in the same dose and duration. MTX was then tapered gradually at 5 mg every 2 weeks and stopped. All patients were followed-up for 24 weeks post-treatment with monthly assessment of PASI and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores. Baseline demographic profiles of patients in both the groups were comparable. The mean ± SD baseline PASI scores were group-A: 15.1 ± 3.2 versus group-B:15.7 ± 3.3 (p = 0.35). The number of patients that achieved PASI90 at or before 12 weeks of treatment was numerically higher in group-B (39/50, 78%) versus group-A (31/50, 62%; p = 0.08) and the time to achieve PASI90 was significantly lesser (p < 0.001).Also, the percentage(%) decline in DLQI was significantly higher in group-B(p = 0.003). The overall side-effect profile was comparable between groups (p = 0.31), but the frequency of gastrointestinal side-effects was significantly less in group-B (p = 0.04). Among those patients who achieved a PASI90 response by week12, relapse rates were comparable during the subsequent 24-week follow-up period [group-A: 12/31 (39%), group-B: 11/39 (28%), and p-value = 0.33]. SC MTX results in a significantly faster achievement of PASI90 and greater reduction in DLQI as compared to oral MTX in patients who are candidates for systemic therapy with a comparable safety profile. CTRI/2018/01/011373, date of registration: 15 January, 2018; trial registered prospectively.

Clinicodemographic features of mixed vitiligo: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Mixed vitiligo (MV) is the coexistence of segmental vitiligo (SV) and non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). The literature on MV is sparse. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinicodemographic and treatment parameters in MV and compare them with SV. METHODS: Clinical data of MV and SV patients enrolled in our pigmentary clinic from July 2015 to December 2019 were reviewed retrospectively and compared. RESULTS: Out of a total of 4,371 vitiligo patients, 293 (6.7%) were SV while 74 (1.69%) were MV. As compared to SV, MV had significantly lower mean age of onset of segmental component (SC) (13.33 ± 9.01 vs. 15.70 ± 8.60 years, P = 0.03) and significantly higher proportion of patients with more than 1% body surface involvement by SC (66.2% vs. 51.5%, P = 0.03) and presence of leukotrichia in the SC (66.2% vs. 51.5%, P = 0.03). Topical agents and systemic immunosuppressive agents were significantly more effective in non-segmental component (NSC) as compared to SC of MV. Surgical modalities were the only effective treatment modality for SC. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design, heterogeneity of treatment regimens. CONCLUSION: Early age of onset, larger (>1%) body surface area involvement, and leukotrichia in SV predict its progression into MV with time. Treatment response to different modalities varies significantly between SC and NSC of MV.