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BACKGROUND: The assessment of the side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine is crucial to inform individuals about the potential risks and benefits of vaccination and to provide appropriate medical care if necessary. The study aimed to assess the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on smokers and diabetic individuals and to investigate the occurrence of any side effects in the subpopulation of the Al Jouf region, KSA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The questionnaire had three main sections: the first covered basic information including gender, age, general health status, place, socio-economic position, nationality, smoking, and diabetes. Section 2 included the COVID-19 vaccination status and side effects, and the third section dealt with the dental history. Informed consent was obtained from the recruited individuals. Participants completed a Google self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty participants responded to the survey forms. Similarly, for diabetics versus non-diabetics, there was no statistically significant difference in the type of vaccine received (chi-square value = 3.125, p-value = 0.682). For smokers versus non-smokers, the chi-square test showed a non-significant difference in side effects (chi-square = 2.56, p-value = 0.109), indicating that there was no significant difference in the side effects experienced by smokers and non-smokers. For diabetics versus non-diabetics, the chi-square test showed a non-significant difference in side effects (chi-square = 0.34, p-value = 0.560), indicating that there was no significant difference in the side effects experienced by diabetics and non-diabetics. CONCLUSION: Smokers and diabetics had higher harmful effects than non-smokers and non-diabetics. These findings need larger, robust trials to support treatment decision-making.
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: Recently allogenic mesenchymal stem cells are proposed to have multipotential progenitor cell capabilities to differentiate into cementoblasts, osteoblasts, and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of human umbilical stem cells cultured on polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA) membrane with PLA/PGA membrane alone in the treatment of multiple gingival recession defects. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total number of 14 cases of multiple gingival recession (Miller's Class I or II) located in the anterior region were randomly selected and divided into test (stem cells in combination with PLA/PGA membrane) and control group (PLA/PGA membrane alone). Clinical parameters including gingival recession, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and width of keratinized gingiva were recorded at baseline, and at 6 months postoperative. RESULTS: At baseline, there was 2.28 mm and 2.14mm mean gingival recession at 16 sites and 14 sites in test and control groups respectively. At 6 months post-surgery, test group showed 1.57 mm mean reduction of gingival recession indicating 66% root coverage, while the control group showed 1.24mm mean reduction of gingival recession indicating 57% root coverage. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the stem cell with PLA/PGA membrane showed significantly higher mean root coverage compared to only PLA/PGA membrane group.
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BACKGROUND: Umbilical Mesenchymal Stem Cells possess immunoregulatory capacities that have been permissive to allogenic transplantation. Recent animal studies have demonstrated histologically that bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may enhance the regeneration of periodontal defects in dogs by differentiating MSCs into cementoblasts, osteoblasts and periodontal fibroblasts. AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy between stem cells in combination with PLA/PGA membrane and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in the treatment of multiple gingival recession defects. METHODS: Twenty four patients aged between 20 to 33 years (mean age 27.41 ± 1.06 years) with multiple gingival recession defects on labial or buccal surface of the teeth in the aesthetic zone either in maxilla or mandible were treated. The test group was treated using stem cells cultured on bioresorbable PLA/PGA membrane, while control group was treated using SCTG. Following parameters were assessed, Plaque Index (PI),Gingival Bleeding Point Index (GBI), Relative gingival margin level (RGML), Relative attachment level (RAL) and Probing pocket depth (PPD) Results: In the test group, mean percent defect coverage was 72.43 ± 13.55 % and the predictability was 41.17% for root coverage i.e 14 of 34 defects, while in the control group, mean percent defect coverage was 82.06 ± 10.99 % and the predictability was 50 % for root coverage i.e 15 of 30 defects. CONCLUSION: Stem cells in combination with bioresorbable PLA/PGA membrane was effective for root coverage resulted in a significant reduction in gingival recession, greater gain in CAL and WKG. Stem cells in combination with bioresorbable PLA/PGA membrane resulted in significantly higher CAL gain than SCTG.
