Limited utility of adding 3T cervical spinal cord MRI to monitor disease activity in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Performing routine brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely accepted as the standard of care for disease monitoring in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the utility of performing routine spinal cord (SC) MRI for this purpose is still debatable. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the frequency of new isolated cervical spinal cord lesions (CSLs) in people with MS (pwMS) undergoing routine brain and cervical SC-MRI for disease monitoring and determine the factors associated with the development of new CSLs and their prognostic value. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 1576 pwMS who underwent follow-up 3T brain and cervical SC-MRI over a 9-month period. MRI was reviewed for the presence of new brain lesions (BLs) and CSLs. Clinical records were reviewed for interval relapses between sequential scans and subsequent clinical relapse and disability worsening after the follow-up MRI. RESULTS: In 1285 pwMS (median interval: 13-14 months) who were clinically stable with respect to relapses, 73 (5.7%) had new CSLs, of which 49 (3.8%) had concomitant new BLs and 24 (1.9%) had new isolated CSLs only. New asymptomatic CSLs were associated with ⩾ 3 prior relapses (p = 0.04), no disease-modifying therapy (DMT) use (p = 0.048), and ⩾ 3 new BLs (p < 0.001); ⩾ 3 new BLs (OR: 7.11, 95% CI: 4.3-11.7, p < 0.001) remained independently associated with new CSLs on multivariable analysis. Having new asymptomatic CSLs was not independently associated with subsequent relapse or disability worsening after the follow-up MRI (median follow-up time of 26 months). CONCLUSION: Routine brain and cervical SC-MRI detected new isolated CSLs in only < 2% of clinically stable pwMS. Developing new asymptomatic CSLs was associated with concomitant new BLs and did not confer an independent increased risk of relapse or disability worsening. Performing SC-MRI may not be warranted for routine monitoring in most pwMS, and performing only brain MRI may be sufficient to capture the vast majority of clinically silent disease activity.

Myriad of MR imaging phenotypes of primary central nervous system lymphoma in a cohort of immunocompetent Indian patient population.

PCNSL (primary central nervous system lymphoma) is a chemosensitive and radiosensitive tumor, and early diagnosis has a significant impact on management. Unlike many other brain tumors, radical surgical excision of PCNSLs is not indicated because these lesions are highly infiltrative and even partial resection leads to a bad prognosis. The goal of this study is to highlight the unusual radiological presentation of PCNSLs and increase the awareness, familiarity, and global database of our observations that pose a challenge on management.

Complications exclusive to long strut grafts used following multilevel cervical corpectomy: Utilization of advanced imaging techniques.

When surgical decompression of cervical spine is considered, multilevel cervical corpectomy with long strut grafts is the preferred treatment. This procedure is used in a variety of pathologies including degenerative disease, tumors, trauma and infection. Corpectomy with interbody grafting helps in adequate spinal canal and neural decompression compared to multilevel discectomy, which could be difficult as well as inadequate. Fibular/iliac strut grafts are used for reconstruction along with a stabilizing hardware in this procedure. So far, complete imaging spectrum of complications exclusive to strut graft has not been reported in the literature. This pictorial essay presents complications exclusive to the strut graft, utility of advanced imaging in diagnosis and a brief note on the clinical management of complications.

Tree-in-bud Appearance in the Brain: Fungal Granuloma on Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

We describe a case of dural-based homogenously enhancing fungal granuloma in a 29-year-old male who presented with 3 months history of headache. The peculiarity of the case was that there were streaky areas of enhancement around the lesion in the brain parenchyma which resembled tree-in-bud like appearance. The patient underwent surgery and histopathological analysis revealed numerous Aspergillus hyphae. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a fungal granuloma with atypical parenchymal enhancement pattern.

Diffusion-weighted imaging: As the first diagnostic clue to Creutzfeldt Jacob disease.

We describe a case report where the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease(CJD) was suspected by the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiologist in a 75-year-old lady who presented with rapid cognitive decline. MRI revealed cortical T2 and FLAIR(fluid attenuation and inversion recovery) hyperintensities in bilateral fronto-parietal and temporo-occipital locations and showed significant restriction on diffusion-weighted images(DWI). In this case report, we discuss the role of MRI to suspect the diagnosis of CJD in appropriate clinical settings.

Pontomedullary white epidermoid: a rare cause of tinnitus.

Intracranial epidermoid cysts are relatively rare congenital inclusion cysts. They are the third most common cerebellopontine angle cistern mass after vestibular schwannoma and meningioma. White epidermoid is a rare variant. We present the first case, to our knowledge, of a white epidermoid cyst anterior to the pontomedullary junction, emphasising its imaging appearance, location and the importance of pre-operative diagnosis, which may reduce operative complications.

Post traumatic arachnoiditis ossificans.

Arachnoiditis ossificans is a rare chronic disorder characterized by the presence of calcification/ ossification of the spinal arachnoid. We describe the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of arachnoiditis ossificans as sequelae to trauma in a 30-year-old patient. This imaging diagnosis becomes important to alert the clinician as most of them can be treated by conservative management.

Mixed schwannoma with meningioma - report on 2 cases of unusual tumor with review of literature.

We present 2 rare cases of mixed schwannoma with meningioma. The first case was sporadic, in a 38-year-old female in cervical spine (C2). The second case was a 24-year-old female, associated with NF-2, involving bilateral cerebellopontine angle with extension into the left cavernous sinus, sellar region with erosion of the petrous ridge and multiple intradural extramedullary lesions in the spinal cord suggestive of neurofibromas. To date only 12 cases of such tumors are documented in the literature. To the best of our knowledge this is the first case of sporadic mixed schwannoma with meningioma in cervical spine (C2).

Chordoid glioma in suprasellar location with extension into the third ventricle: smear preparation morphology of a rare tumor.

We report a rare case of recurrent chordoid glioma in suprasellar region with extension into the third ventricle diagnosed peroperatively. On MRI, a brilliantly contrast enhancing lesion in the suprasellar region extending superiorly into the third ventricle and measuring 2.5 × 3 × 3.5 cm was identified. Patient had a previous history of subtotal removal of the tumor 8 months back and had received 56 Gy of postoperative radiotherapy. On smear preparation the tumor was composed of cells arranged in chords and rows in a myxoid background with sprinkling of lymphocytes. The individual cells were polygonal with moderate amount of faintly eosinophilic cytoplasm with cytoplasmic vacoules in few cells. The nuclei showed fine chromatin with small prominent nucleoli. Paraffin sections confirmed the diagnosis and on immunohistochemistry the tumor cells showed strong positivity for GFAP and focal weak positivity for EMA with low MIB-1 labeling index (<1%). To the best of our knowledge this is the first documented case of chordoid glioma described on crush cytology.

A rare association of spontaneous pneumorrhachis with spondylolisthesis and lumbosacral vacuum phenomenon: a case report with review of literature.

Spontaneous pneumorrhachis, non-traumatic, non-iatrogenic air within the spinal canal, is a very rare occurrence. We report a case of spontaneous pneumorrhachis, multiple air pockets in the epidural space, with vacuum discs and spndylolisthesis. Probably this is the first report of such case.