Stability, homogeneity and measurement uncertainty estimation of PVP-I solutions for the application on oro and nasopharynx against SARS-CoV-2.

Aqueous solution containing different concentration (0.5, 0.6 and 1.0%) (w/v) of Polyvinyl pyrrolodon-Iodine (PVP-I) complex, a well-known antiseptic; is prepared and the stability and homogeneity of these solution is assessed as per the ICH Guidelines and International Harmonized Protocol respectively. The solutions were found to be sufficiently homogeneous and stable for a year at 25 °C (60%RH). Measurement uncertainty of the prepared PVP-I solutions were estimated by identifying possible sources of uncertainty using Ishikawa diagram and preparing uncertainty budget based on scope of calibration laboratory. The stable and homogenized PVP-I solution is to be used in a clinical trial for the application on oro and nasopharynx against novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus.

Effects of gamma-radiation on microbial, nutritional, and functional properties of Katimon mango peels: A combined biochemical and in silico studies.

Gamma radiation has notable impacts on the flesh of mangoes. In this research, Katimon mangoes were subjected to different levels of irradiation (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kGy) using a60Co irradiator. The results showed that irradiation significantly reduced the microbial population in the mango peels, with the 1.5 kGy dose showing the most significant reduction. Irradiation also delayed ripening and extended the shelf life of the mango peels. The total fat, protein, ash, moisture, and sugar content of the mango peels were all affected by irradiation. The total protein content, ash content and moisture content increased after irradiation, while the fat content remained relatively unchanged. The sugar content increased in all samples after storage, but the non-irradiated samples had higher sugar levels than the irradiated ones. The dietary fiber content of the mango peels was not significantly affected by irradiation. The vitamin C content decreased in all samples after storage. The titratable acidity and total soluble solids content of the mango peels increased after storage, but there were no significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated samples. Antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assessment highlighted the antioxidant potential and reduced toxicity of irradiated samples. Additionally, the antimicrobial effectiveness of irradiated mango peels was evaluated. The most substantial inhibitory zones (measuring 16.90 ± 0.35) against Pseudomonas sp. were observed at a radiation dose of 1.5 kGy with 150 µg/disc. To identify potential antimicrobial agents, the volatile components of mangoes irradiated with 1.5 kGy were analyzed through GC-MS. Subsequently, these compounds were subjected to in silico studies against a viable protein, TgpA, of Pseudomonas sp. (PDB ID: 6G49). Based on molecular dynamic simulations and ADMET properties, (-)-Carvone (-6.2), p-Cymene (-6.1), and Acetic acid phenylmethyl ester (-6.1) were identified as promising compounds for controlling Pseudomonas sp.