RESUMO
KRAS/ERK pathway phosphorylates DICER1, causing its nuclear translocation, and phosphomimetic Dicer1 contributes to tumorigenesis in mice. Mechanisms through which phospho-DICER1 regulates tumor progression remain undefined. While DICER1 canonically regulates microRNAs (miRNA) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), we found that phosphorylated nuclear DICER1 (phospho-nuclear DICER1) promotes late-stage tumor progression in mice with oncogenic Kras, independent of miRNAs and EMT. Instead, we observe that the murine AT2 tumor cells exhibit altered chromatin compaction, and cells from disorganized advanced tumors, but not localized tumors, express gastric genes. Collectively, this results in subpopulations of tumor cells transitioning from a restricted alveolar to a broader endodermal lineage state. In human LUADs, we observed expression of phospho-nuclear DICER1 in advanced tumors together with the expression of gastric genes. We define a multimeric chromatin-DICER1 complex composed of the Mediator complex subunit 12, CBX1, MACROH2A.1, and transcriptional regulators supporting the model that phospho-nuclear DICER1 leads to lineage reprogramming of AT2 tumor cells to mediate lung cancer progression.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Cromatina/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Ribonuclease III/genética , Ribonuclease III/metabolismo , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/genética , RNA Helicases DEAD-box/metabolismoRESUMO
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition results in loss of specialized epithelial cell contacts and acquisition of mesenchymal invasive capacity. The transcription repressor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) binds to E-boxes of gene promoter regions to suppress the expression of epithelial genes. ZEB1 has inconsistent molecular weights, which have been attributed to posttranslational modifications (PTM). We performed mass spectrometry and identified K811 acetylation as a novel PTM in ZEB1. To define the role of ZEB1 acetylation in regulating function, we generated ZEB1 acetyl-mimetic (K811Q) and acetyl-deficient (K811R) mutant-expressing non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC). We demonstrate that the K811R ZEB1 (125 kDa) has a shorter protein half-life than wild-type (WT) ZEB1 and K811Q ZEB1 (â¼225 kDa), suggesting that lack of ZEB1 acetylation in the lower molecular weight form affects protein stability. Further, the acetylated form of ZEB1 recruits the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to bind the promoter of its target genes mir200c-141 and SEMA3F. RNA-sequencing revealed that WT ZEB1 and K811Q ZEB1 downregulate the expression of epithelial genes to promote lung adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis, whereas the K811R ZEB1 does not. Our findings establish that the K811 acetylation promotes ZEB1 protein stability, interaction with other protein complexes, and subsequent invasion/metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. IMPLICATIONS: The molecular mechanisms by which ZEB1 is regulated by K811 acetylation to promote protein stability, NuRD complex and promoter interactions, and function are relevant to the development of treatment strategies to prevent and treat metastasis in patients with NSCLC.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Complexo Mi-2 de Remodelação de Nucleossomo e Desacetilase/genética , Complexo Mi-2 de Remodelação de Nucleossomo e Desacetilase/metabolismo , Acetilação , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/genética , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/metabolismo , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genéticaRESUMO
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition results in loss of specialized epithelial cell contacts and acquisition of mesenchymal invasive capacity. The transcription repressor zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) binds to E-boxes of gene promoter regions to suppress the expression of epithelial genes. ZEB1 has inconsistent molecular weights, which have been attributed to post-translational modifications (PTMs). We performed mass spectrometry and identified K811 acetylation as a novel PTM in ZEB1. To define the role of ZEB1 acetylation in regulating function, we generated ZEB1 acetyl-mimetic (K811Q) and acetyl-deficient (K811R) mutant-expressing non-small cell lung cancer cell lines (NSCLC). We demonstrate that the K811R ZEB1 (125 kDa) has a shorter protein half-life than wild-type (WT) ZEB1 and K811Q ZEB1 (&tilde225 kDa), suggesting that lack of ZEB1 acetylation in the lower molecular weight form affects protein stability. Further, the acetylated form of ZEB1 recruits the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex to bind the promoter of its target genes mir200c-141 and SEMA3F. RNA-sequencing revealed that WT ZEB1 and K811Q ZEB1 downregulate the expression of epithelial genes to promote lung adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis, while the K811R ZEB1 does not. Our findings establish that the K811 acetylation promotes ZEB1 protein stability, interaction with other protein complexes, and subsequent invasion/metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Implications: The molecular mechanisms by which ZEB1 is regulated by K811 acetylation to promote protein stability, NuRD complex and promoter interactions, and function are relevant to the development of treatment strategies to prevent and treat metastasis in NSCLC patients.
RESUMO
Lung cancer is a highly aggressive and metastatic disease responsible for approximately 25% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. Using high-throughput in vitro and in vivo screens, we have previously established Impad1 as a driver of lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Here we elucidate that Impad1 is a direct target of the epithelial microRNAs (miRNAs) miR-200 and miRâ¼96 and is de-repressed during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); thus, we establish a mode of regulation of the protein. Impad1 modulates Golgi apparatus morphology and vesicular trafficking through its interaction with a trafficking protein, Syt11. These changes in Golgi apparatus dynamics alter the extracellular matrix and the tumor microenvironment (TME) to promote invasion and metastasis. Inhibiting Impad1 or Syt11 disrupts the cancer cell secretome, regulates the TME, and reverses the invasive or metastatic phenotype. This work identifies Impad1 as a regulator of EMT and secretome-mediated changes during lung cancer progression.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Metástase Neoplásica , Sinaptotagminas/metabolismo , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
One of the mechanisms by which cancer cells acquire hyperinvasive and migratory properties with progressive loss of epithelial markers is the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We have previously reported that in different cancer types, including nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the microRNA-183/96/182 cluster (m96cl) is highly repressed in cells that have undergone EMT. In the present study, we used a novel conditional m96cl mouse to establish that loss of m96cl accelerated the growth of Kras mutant autochthonous lung adenocarcinomas. In contrast, ectopic expression of the m96cl in NSCLC cells results in a robust suppression of migration and invasion in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Detailed immune profiling of the tumors revealed a significant enrichment of activated CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ CTLs) in m96cl-expressing tumors, and m96cl-mediated suppression of tumor growth and metastasis was CD8+ CTL-dependent. Using coculture assays with naïve immune cells, we show that m96cl expression drives paracrine stimulation of CD8+ CTL proliferation and function. Using tumor microenvironment-associated gene expression profiling, we identified that m96cl elevates the interleukin-2 (IL2) signaling pathway and results in increased IL2-mediated paracrine stimulation of CD8+ CTLs. Furthermore, we identified that the m96cl modulates the expression of IL2 in cancer cells by regulating the expression of transcriptional repressors Foxf2 and Zeb1, and thereby alters the levels of secreted IL2 in the tumor microenvironment. Last, we show that in vivo depletion of IL2 abrogates m96cl-mediated activation of CD8+ CTLs and results in loss of metastatic suppression. Therefore, we have identified a novel mechanistic role of the m96cl in the suppression of lung cancer growth and metastasis by inducing an IL2-mediated systemic CD8+ CTL immune response.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , MicroRNAs , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Interleucina-2/genética , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Linfócitos T Citotóxicos , Microambiente TumoralRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which enters host cells through the cell surface proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2. METHODS: Using a variety of normal and malignant models and tissues from the aerodigestive and respiratory tracts, we investigated the expression and regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. RESULTS: We find that ACE2 expression is restricted to a select population of epithelial cells. Notably, infection with SARS-CoV-2 in cancer cell lines, bronchial organoids, and patient nasal epithelium induces metabolic and transcriptional changes consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including up-regulation of ZEB1 and AXL, resulting in an increased EMT score. In addition, a transcriptional loss of genes associated with tight junction function occurs with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, is repressed by EMT through the transforming growth factor-ß, ZEB1 overexpression, and onset of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. This suggests a novel model of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in which infected cells shift toward an increasingly mesenchymal state, associated with a loss of tight junction components with acute respiratory distress syndrome-protective effects. AXL inhibition and ZEB1 reduction, as with bemcentinib, offer a potential strategy to reverse this effect. CONCLUSIONS: These observations highlight the use of aerodigestive and, especially, lung cancer model systems in exploring the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses and offer important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 in healthy patients and patients with cancer alike.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Brônquios , Humanos , Pulmão , Peptidil Dipeptidase A , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which enters host cells via the cell surface proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Using a variety of normal and malignant models and tissues from the aerodigestive and respiratory tracts, we investigated the expression and regulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. We find that ACE2 expression is restricted to a select population of highly epithelial cells. Notably, infection with SARS-CoV-2 in cancer cell lines, bronchial organoids, and patient nasal epithelium, induces metabolic and transcriptional changes consistent with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), including upregulation of ZEB1 and AXL, resulting in an increased EMT score. Additionally, a transcriptional loss of genes associated with tight junction function occurs with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, is repressed by EMT via TGFbeta, ZEB1 overexpression and onset of EGFR TKI inhibitor resistance. This suggests a novel model of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis in which infected cells shift toward an increasingly mesenchymal state, associated with a loss of tight junction components with acute respiratory distress syndrome-protective effects. AXL-inhibition and ZEB1-reduction, as with bemcentinib, offers a potential strategy to reverse this effect. These observations highlight the utility of aerodigestive and, especially, lung cancer model systems in exploring the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, and offer important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in healthy patients and cancer patients alike.
RESUMO
Metastasis is the cause for 90% of cancer-related mortalities. Identification of genetic drivers promoting dissemination of tumor cells may provide opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies. We previously reported an in vivo gain-of-function screen that identified ~30 genes with a functional role in metastasis promotion and characterized detailed mechanistic functions of two hits. In this study, we characterized the contribution of one of the identified genes, MBIP (MAP3K12 binding inhibitory protein), towards driving tumor invasion and metastasis. We demonstrate that expression of MBIP significantly enhances the cellular proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro and metastasis in vivo. We functionally characterized that MBIP mediates activation of the JNK pathway and induces expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are necessary for the invasive and metastatic phenotype. Our findings establish a novel mechanistic role of MBIP as a driver of NSCLC progression and metastasis.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/secundário , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Mutação com Ganho de Função , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Humanos , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Masculino , Camundongos , Invasividade Neoplásica/genética , Metástase Neoplásica/genética , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the deadliest form of cancer worldwide, due in part to its proclivity to metastasize. Identifying novel drivers of invasion and metastasis holds therapeutic potential for the disease. We conducted a gain-of-function invasion screen, which identified two separate hits, IMPAD1 and KDELR2, as robust, independent drivers of lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Given that IMPAD1 and KDELR2 are known to be localized to the ER-Golgi pathway, we studied their common mechanism of driving in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis and demonstrated that they enhance Golgi-mediated function and secretion. Therapeutically inhibiting matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) suppressed both IMPAD1- and KDELR2-mediated invasion. The hits from this unbiased screen and the mechanistic validation highlight Golgi function as one of the key cellular features altered during invasion and metastasis.
Assuntos
Complexo de Golgi/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/genética , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Progressão da Doença , Imunofluorescência , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Metaloproteinases da Matriz/metabolismo , Invasividade Neoplásica , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolases/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular/metabolismoRESUMO
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, due in part to the propensity of lung cancer to metastasize. Aberrant epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a proposed model for the initiation of metastasis. During EMT cell-cell adhesion is reduced allowing cells to dissociate and invade. Of the EMT-associated transcription factors, ZEB1 uniquely promotes NSCLC disease progression. Here we apply two independent screens, BioID and an Epigenome shRNA dropout screen, to define ZEB1 interactors that are critical to metastatic NSCLC. We identify the NuRD complex as a ZEB1 co-repressor and the Rab22 GTPase-activating protein TBC1D2b as a ZEB1/NuRD complex target. We find that TBC1D2b suppresses E-cadherin internalization, thus hindering cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
Assuntos
Caderinas/metabolismo , Endocitose , Proteínas Ativadoras de GTPase/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Complexo Mi-2 de Remodelação de Nucleossomo e Desacetilase/metabolismo , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas Correpressoras/metabolismo , Humanos , Camundongos , Modelos Biológicos , Metástase Neoplásica , Ligação Proteica , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismoRESUMO
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitors have failed to show clinical benefit in Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutant lung cancer due to various resistance mechanisms. To identify differential therapeutic sensitivities between epithelial and mesenchymal lung tumors, we performed in vivo small hairpin RNA screens, proteomic profiling, and analysis of patient tumor datasets, which revealed an inverse correlation between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling dependency and a zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-regulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies determined that MAPK signaling dependency in epithelial lung cancer cells is due to the scaffold protein interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD), which is directly repressed by ZEB1. Lung tumors in multiple Kras mutant murine models with increased ZEB1 displayed low IL17RD expression, accompanied by MAPK-independent tumor growth and therapeutic resistance to MEK inhibition. Suppression of ZEB1 function with miR-200 expression or the histone deacetylase inhibitor mocetinostat sensitized resistant cancer cells to MEK inhibition and markedly reduced in vivo tumor growth, showing a promising combinatorial treatment strategy for KRAS mutant cancers. In human lung tumor samples, high ZEB1 and low IL17RD expression correlated with low MAPK signaling, presenting potential markers that predict patient response to MEK inhibitors.
Assuntos
Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Mutação/genética , Neoplasias/genética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Receptores de Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Homeobox 1 de Ligação a E-box em Dedo de Zinco/metabolismo , Animais , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Benzamidas/uso terapêutico , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Mesoderma/patologia , Camundongos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Genetic aberrations driving pro-oncogenic and pro-metastatic activity remain an elusive target in the quest of precision oncology. To identify such drivers, we use an animal model of KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma to perform an in vivo functional screen of 217 genetic aberrations selected from lung cancer genomics datasets. We identify 28 genes whose expression promoted tumor metastasis to the lung in mice. We employ two tools for examining the KRAS-dependence of genes identified from our screen: 1) a human lung cell model containing a regulatable mutant KRAS allele and 2) a lentiviral system permitting co-expression of DNA-barcoded cDNAs with Cre recombinase to activate a mutant KRAS allele in the lungs of mice. Mechanistic evaluation of one gene, GATAD2B, illuminates its role as a dual activity gene, promoting both pro-tumorigenic and pro-metastatic activities in KRAS-mutant lung cancer through interaction with c-MYC and hyperactivation of the c-MYC pathway.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Fatores de Transcrição GATA/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/terapia , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Fatores de Transcrição GATA/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição GATA/metabolismo , Vetores Genéticos/química , Vetores Genéticos/metabolismo , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala , Humanos , Integrases/genética , Integrases/metabolismo , Lentivirus/genética , Lentivirus/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Metástase Neoplásica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-myc/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , RNA Interferente Pequeno/metabolismo , Proteínas Repressoras , Transdução de Sinais , Análise de Sobrevida , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Metastatic lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide, therefore necessitating novel approaches to identify specific genetic drivers for lung cancer progression and metastasis. We recently performed an in vivo gain-of-function genetic screen to identify driver genes of lung cancer metastasis. In the study reported here, we identify TMEM106B as a primary robust driver of lung cancer metastasis. Ectopic expression of TMEM106B could significantly promote the synthesis of enlarged vesicular lysosomes that are laden with elevated levels of active cathepsins. In a TFEB-dependent manner, TMEM106B could modulate the expression of lysosomal genes of the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) pathway in lung cancer cells and patient samples. We also demonstrate that TMEM106B-induced lysosomes undergo calcium-dependent exocytosis, thereby releasing active lysosomal cathepsins necessary for TMEM106B-mediated cancer cell invasion and metastasis in vivo, which could be therapeutically prevented by pharmacological inhibition of cathepsins. Further, in TCGA LUAD data sets, 19% of patients show elevated expression of TMEM106B, which predicts for poor disease-free and overall-survival.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/genética , Catepsinas/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição de Zíper de Leucina e Hélice-Alça-Hélix Básicos/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Catepsinas/antagonistas & inibidores , Catepsinas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Inibidores de Cisteína Proteinase/farmacologia , Exocitose , Humanos , Leucina/análogos & derivados , Leucina/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Lisossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Metástase Neoplásica , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteólise , Transdução de Sinais , Análise de Sobrevida , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, with a 5-year survival <7%. A major barrier to progress is the absence of predictive biomarkers for chemotherapy and novel targeted agents such as PARP inhibitors. Using a high-throughput, integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and genomic analysis of SCLC patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and profiled cell lines, we identified biomarkers of drug sensitivity and determined their prevalence in patient tumors. In contrast to breast and ovarian cancer, PARP inhibitor response was not associated with mutations in homologous recombination (HR) genes (e.g., BRCA1/2) or HRD scores. Instead, we found several proteomic markers that predicted PDX response, including high levels of SLFN11 and E-cadherin and low ATM. SLFN11 and E-cadherin were also significantly associated with in vitro sensitivity to cisplatin and topoisomerase1/2 inhibitors (all commonly used in SCLC). Treatment with cisplatin or PARP inhibitors downregulated SLFN11 and E-cadherin, possibly explaining the rapid development of therapeutic resistance in SCLC. Supporting their functional role, silencing SLFN11 reduced in vitro sensitivity and drug-induced DNA damage; whereas ATM knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition enhanced sensitivity. Notably, SCLC with mesenchymal phenotypes (i.e., loss of E-cadherin and high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature scores) displayed striking alterations in expression of miR200 family and key SCLC genes (e.g., NEUROD1, ASCL1, ALDH1A1, MYCL1). Thus, SLFN11, EMT, and ATM mediate therapeutic response in SCLC and warrant further clinical investigation as predictive biomarkers.
Assuntos
Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/genética , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Biomarcadores , Caderinas/genética , Caderinas/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Dano ao DNA , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Expressão Gênica , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Técnicas de Inativação de Genes , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologia , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/metabolismoRESUMO
The desmosome anchors keratin filaments in epithelial cells leading to the formation of a tissue wide IF network. Loss of the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) in HCT116 cells, leads to an increase in neoplastic progression and metastasis, which was accompanied by an increase in K8 levels. The increase in levels was due to an increase in the protein levels of the Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL3), which results in a decrease in phosphorylation on K8. The increase in PRL3 and K8 protein levels could be reversed by introduction of an shRNA resistant PKP3 cDNA. Inhibition of K8 expression in the PKP3 knockdown clone S10, led to a decrease in cell migration and lamellipodia formation. Further, the K8 PKP3 double knockdown clones showed a decrease in colony formation in soft agar and decreased tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. These results suggest that a stabilisation of K8 filaments leading to an increase in migration and transformation may be one mechanism by which PKP3 loss leads to tumor progression and metastasis.
Assuntos
Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/fisiologia , Proteínas Imediatamente Precoces/metabolismo , Queratina-8/metabolismo , Metástase Neoplásica/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Placofilinas/deficiência , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases/metabolismo , Animais , Western Blotting , Desmossomos/metabolismo , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Imunoprecipitação , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Microscopia Confocal , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Oligonucleotídeos/genética , Fosforilação , Placofilinas/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
The KRAS-variant is a germline single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) within the 3'UTR of the KRAS gene predicted to disrupt a complementary binding site (LCS6) for the let-7 microRNA (miRNA). The KRAS-variant is associated with increased risk of various cancers, including lung cancer, ovarian cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, and is associated with altered tumor biology in head and neck cancer, colon cancer and melanoma. To better understand the molecular pathways that may be regulated or affected by the presence of the KRAS-variant allele in cancer cells, we examined its prevalence in the NCI-60 panel of cell lines and sought to identify common features of the cell lines that carry the variant allele. This study provides a step forward towards understanding the molecular and pathological significance of the KRAS-variant.
Assuntos
Regiões 3' não Traduzidas , Alelos , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas ras/genética , Sítios de Ligação/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Epigênese Genética , Expressão Gênica , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Mutação , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)RESUMO
Keratins are cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins preferentially expressed by epithelial tissues in a site-specific and differentiation-dependent manner. The complex network of keratin filaments in stratified epithelia is tightly regulated during squamous cell differentiation. Keratin 14 (K14) is expressed in mitotically active basal layer cells, along with its partner keratin 5 (K5), and their expression is down-regulated as cells differentiate. Apart from the cytoprotective functions of K14, very little is known about K14 regulatory functions, since the K14 knockout mice show postnatal lethality. In this study, K14 expression was inhibited using RNA interference in cell lines derived from stratified epithelia to study the K14 functions in epithelial homeostasis. The K14 knockdown clones demonstrated substantial decreases in the levels of the K14 partner K5. These cells showed reduction in cell proliferation and delay in cell cycle progression, along with decreased phosphorylated Akt levels. K14 knockdown cells also exhibited enhanced levels of activated Notch1, involucrin, and K1. In addition, K14 knockdown AW13516 cells showed significant reduction in tumorigenicity. Our results suggest that K5 and K14 may have a role in maintenance of cell proliferation potential in the basal layer of stratified epithelia, modulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-mediated cell proliferation and/or Notch1-dependent cell differentiation.
Assuntos
Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Queratina-14/metabolismo , Queratina-5/metabolismo , Animais , Antígenos de Diferenciação/metabolismo , Adesão Celular , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ativação Enzimática , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Interfase , Queratina-14/genética , Queratina-5/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Transplante de Neoplasias , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Interferência de RNA , Receptor Notch1/metabolismo , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
Keratins 8 and 18 (K8 and K18) are predominantly expressed in simple epithelial tissues and perform both mechanical and regulatory functions. Aberrant expression of K8 and K18 is associated with neoplastic progression and invasion in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). To understand the molecular basis by which K8 promotes neoplastic progression in oral SCC (OSCC), K8 expression was inhibited in AW13516 cells. The K8-knockdown clones showed a significant reduction in tumorigenic potential, which was accompanied by a reduction in cell motility, cell invasion, decreased fascin levels, alterations in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and changes in cell shape. Furthermore, K8 knockdown led to a decrease in α6ß4 integrin levels and α6ß4-integrin-dependent signalling events, which have been reported to play an important role in neoplastic progression in epithelial tissues. Therefore, modulation of α6ß4 integrin signalling might be one of the mechanisms by which K8 and K18 promote malignant transformation and/or progression in OSCCs.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/metabolismo , Integrina alfa6beta4/metabolismo , Queratina-18/metabolismo , Queratina-8/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Divisão Celular/fisiologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Queratina-18/deficiência , Queratina-8/deficiência , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos SCID , Invasividade Neoplásica , Transdução de SinaisRESUMO
A decrease in the levels of the desmosomal plaque protein, plakophilin3 (PKP3), leads to a decrease in desmosome size and cell-cell adhesion. To test the hypothesis that PKP3 is required for desmosome formation, the recruitment of desmosomal components to the cell surface was studied in the PKP3 knockdown clones. The PKP3 knockdown clones showed decreased cell border staining for multiple desmosomal proteins, when compared to vector controls, and did not form desmosomes in a calcium switch assay. Further analysis demonstrated that PKP3, plakoglobin (PG) and E-cadherin are present at the cell border at low concentrations of calcium. Loss of either PG or E-cadherin led to a decrease in the levels of PKP3 and other desmosomal proteins at the cell border. The results reported here are consistent with the model that PG and E-cadherin recruit PKP3 to the cell border to initiate desmosome formation.
Assuntos
Caderinas/metabolismo , Desmossomos/metabolismo , Placofilinas/metabolismo , gama Catenina/metabolismo , Adesão Celular , Linhagem Celular , Imunofluorescência , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Células HCT116 , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Microscopia Confocal , Placofilinas/genéticaRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of numerous target genes. Yet, while hundreds of miRNAs have been identified, little is known about their functions. In a recent report published in Silence, Zheng and colleagues demonstrate a technique for robust and specific knockdown of miRNA expression in Caenorhabditis elegans using modified antisense oligonucleotides, which could be utilized as a powerful tool for the study of regulation and function of miRNAs in vivo.