RESUMO
4P-X (ß-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 â 4)-ß-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 â 6)-[ß-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 â 4)]-ß-D-glucopyranose) is included in galacto-oligosaccharides (GOSs) produced by ß-galactosidase derived from Bacillus circulans. 4P-X has been known to induce particularly strong allergies. High purity 4P-X is essential for use as a standard to quantify the amount of 4P-X in GOSs; however, the isolation of high purity 4P-X has never been reported. In this study, we achieved the synthesis of 4P-X by a combination of organic and enzymatic chemical syntheses in a short time. This is the first report of isolated, high purity 4P-X.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Galactose/química , Oligossacarídeos/síntese química , Oligossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , beta-Galactosidase/química , Bacillus/química , Bacillus/enzimologia , Dissacarídeos/química , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/etiologia , Hipersensibilidade/imunologia , Lactose/química , Oligossacarídeos/farmacologiaRESUMO
The organ selectivity and the effect on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury of (R)-acetoxyhexamide ((R)-ACX), a novel sulfonylurea, were examined. (R)-ACX, as well as glibenclamide, concentration-dependently stimulated insulin release from INS-1 cell, a cell line derived from pancreatic beta-cells. The potency of (R)-ACX was about 1/10 of that of glibenclamide. In isolated guinea pig ventricular myocardial tissue, glibenclamide concentration-dependently inhibited the action potential shortening by NIP-121, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, but (R)-ACX showed only slight inhibition. In isolated rat aortic rings contracted with norepinephrine, glibenclamide concentration-dependently inhibited the relaxation by NIP-121, while (R)-ACX showed only slight inhibition. In coronary-perfused guinea pig ventricular preparations, glibenclamide reduced the recovery of contractile force after ischemia-reperfusion, while (R)-ACX did not. In conclusion, (R)-ACX is a beta-cell selective sulfonylurea which, unlike glibenclamide, does not aggravate cardiac ischemia-reperfusion damage.
Assuntos
Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/fisiopatologia , Compostos de Sulfonilureia/farmacologia , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Glibureto/farmacologia , Glibureto/toxicidade , Cobaias , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/toxicidade , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Relaxamento Muscular/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Contração Miocárdica/efeitos dos fármacos , Músculos Papilares/efeitos dos fármacos , RatosRESUMO
Enzymatic glycosidation of twenty-one kinds of alcohols (n-hepanol, n-octanol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-phenylpropanol, 4-phenylbutanol, 5-phenylpentanol, 6-phenylhexanol, furfury alcohol, 2-pyridinemethanol, isobutanol, isopentanol, p-methoxycinnamylalcohol) including secondary alcohols (isopropanol, cyclohexanol, 1-phenylethanol) and 1,omega-alkanediols (1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol), salicyl alcohol and 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (5) using beta-glucosidase from almonds stereoselectively gave the corresponding beta-D-glucopyranosides in moderate yield.
