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Health policies worldwide emphasize managing chronic conditions like diabetes and hypertension through medication and lifestyle modifications. However, translating guidelines into practical application remains challenging, leading to suboptimal care and poor health outcomes, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aims to reveal significant differences between rural and urban patients requiring personalized approaches to chronic disease management based on geographical location and demographic data, considering the impact of emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected from rural and urban general practitioner (GP) practices in Poland, covering four years from 2018 to the first quarter of 2021, focusing on diabetes and hypertension epidemiology, risk factors, comorbidities, resource consumption, and disease burden. The findings revealed significant differences between rural and urban patients regarding age, number of patient visits, gender distribution, and types of diagnoses and visit modalities. Rural patients tended to be older, had a higher median number of visits, and exhibited different patterns of diagnoses and visit types compared to urban patients. The study also investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on chronic disease treatment, finding that while age at visits increased during the pandemic, there were no significant changes in gender distribution, but a noticeable shift in diagnoses and visit modalities with an increase in remote visits and changes in the prevalence of specific diagnoses. These disparities highlight the need for tailored approaches to chronic disease management based on geographic location and patient demographics. The study underscores the importance of understanding the unique challenges and opportunities in managing chronic diseases across different settings and during public health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic, aiding healthcare providers and policymakers in developing targeted interventions to improve chronic disease prevention and management, ultimately leading to better health outcomes for individuals and communities. Further research is needed to explore the long-term effects of the pandemic on chronic disease treatment and assess the effectiveness of interventions to mitigate its impact.
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Introduction: HIV is a severe and incurable disease that has a devastating impact worldwide. It affects the immune system and negatively affects the nervous system, leading to various cognitive and behavioral problems. Scientists are actively exploring different therapeutic approaches to combat these issues. One promising method is transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a non-invasive technique that stimulates the brain. Methods: This review aims to examine how tDCS can help HIV patients. Searches were conducted in the Pubmed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. Results: The literature search resulted in six articles focusing on the effects of tDCS on cognitive and behavioral measures in people with HIV. In some cases, tDCS showed positive improvements in the measures assessed, improving executive functions, depression, attention, reaction time, psychomotor speed, speed of processing, verbal learning and memory, and cognitive functioning. Furthermore, the stimulation was safe with no severe side effects. However, the included studies were of low quality, had small sample sizes, and did not use any relevant biomarkers that would help to understand the mechanisms of action of tDCS in HIV. Conclusions: tDCS may help patients with HIV; however, due to the limited number of studies and the diversity of protocols used, caution should be exercised when recommending this treatment option in clinical settings. More high-quality research, preferably involving neurophysiological and neuroimaging measurements, is necessary to better understand how tDCS works in individuals with HIV.
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BACKGROUND: Social prescribing (SP) is a patient pathway by which healthcare professionals connect patients with other sources of support, groups, or activities within their community. The awareness, practice, and perception of SP among GPs across Europe remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To explore the awareness, practice, and perception of GPs on SP in the WONCA Europe region. METHODS: An anonymous, cross-sectional online survey was distributed through a snowballing system, mailing lists, and at three international conferences in 2022/2023 to explore GPs' awareness, practice, and perception of SP. The questionnaire in English contained 21 open and closed questions. RESULTS: Of the 208 participating GPs from 33 countries, 116 (56%) previously heard of 'social prescribing' and 66 (32%) regularly referred patients to community activities through a formal system. These 66 GPs reported different funding sources and varied activities, with an average of four activities and physical exercise being the most prevalent. Among them, 25 (38%) knew about national or local SP awareness campaigns. Of these 25, 17 (68%) agreed that SP increases their job satisfaction and 21 (84%) agreed that it has a positive impact on their patients. Variations in SP awareness and referral practice were evident across and within countries. CONCLUSION: Despite disparities in awareness and referral practice as well as a diversity of activities and funding sources, most GPs who actively referred patients and were informed about SP campaigns agreed that SP positively impacts them and their patients.
Knowledge of social prescribing differs among and within countries.A third of general practitioners reported they regularly refer their patients through a formal system to access activities and groups in the community.General practitioners agree that social prescribing increases job satisfaction and positively impacts patients' health and well-being.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Clínicos Gerais , Padrões de Prática Médica , Humanos , Europa (Continente) , Estudos Transversais , Clínicos Gerais/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Padrões de Prática Médica/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Feminino , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em SaúdeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Binge eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder among those contributing to the development of obesity, and thus acts as a significant burden on the lives and health of patients. It is characterized by complex neurobiology, which includes changes in brain activity and neurotransmitter secretion. Existing treatments are moderately effective, and so the search for new therapies that are effective and safe is ongoing. AIM AND METHODS: This review examines the use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of binge eating disorder. Searches were conducted on the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. RESULTS: Six studies were found that matched the review topic. All of them used the anodal stimulation of the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in BED patients. tDCS proved effective in reducing food cravings, the desire to binge eat, the number of binging episodes, and food intake. It also improved the outcomes of inhibitory control and the treatment of eating disorder psychopathology. The potential mechanisms of action of tDCS in BED are explained, limitations in current research are outlined, and recommendations for future research are provided. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence suggests that the anodal application of tDCS to the right DLPFC reduces the symptoms of BED. However, caution should be exercised in the broader use of tDCS in this context due to the small number of studies performed and the small number of patients included. Future studies should incorporate neuroimaging and neurophysiological measurements to elucidate the potential mechanisms of action of tDCS in BED.
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Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua , Feminino , Humanos , Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar/terapia , Transtorno da Compulsão Alimentar/psicologia , Fissura/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal Dorsolateral , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Estimulação Transcraniana por Corrente Contínua/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , MasculinoRESUMO
This editorial investigates chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) as a course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). CTE is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is the result of repeated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many epidemiological studies show that experiencing a TBI in early or middle life is associated with an increased risk of dementia later in life. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) present a series of similar neuropathological features that were investigated in this work like recombinant tau into filaments or the accumulation and aggregation of Aß protein. However, these two conditions differ from each other in brain-blood barrier damage. The purpose of this review was to evaluate information about CTE and AD from various articles, focusing especially on new therapeutic possibilities for the improvement in cognitive skills.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Encefalopatia Traumática Crônica , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Doença de Alzheimer/patologia , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Encefalopatia Traumática Crônica/patologia , Encefalopatia Traumática Crônica/complicações , Proteínas tau/metabolismo , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/patologiaRESUMO
Two multidimensional problems of recent times - Alzheimer's disease and light pollution - seem to be more interrelated than previously expected. A series of studies in years explore the pathogenesis and the course of Alzheimer's disease, yet the mechanisms underlying this pathology remain not fully discovered and understood. Artificial lights which accompany civilization on a daily basis appear to have more detrimental effects on both environment and human health than previously anticipated. Circadian rhythm is affected by inappropriate lighting conditions in particular. The consequences are dysregulation of the sleep-wake cycle, gene expression, neuronal restructuring, brain's electricity, blood flow, metabolites' turnover, and gut microbiota as well. All these phenomena may contribute to neurodegeneration and consequently Alzheimer's disease. There is an increasing number of research underlining the complexity of the correlation between light pollution and Alzheimer's disease; however, additional studies to enhance the key tenets are required for a better understanding of this relationship.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Poluição Luminosa , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologiaRESUMO
The present editorial summarizes the last 2 calendar years of Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (ACEM) publication (2021 and 2022). The specific aims were: 1) To clarify the classification of papers published in ACEM; 2) To present motivations behind choosing this classification; 3) To show how this classification is reflected in citations. Six categories of papers published in ACEM are presented: editorials, meta-analyses, reviews (including systematic reviews), multicenter studies, research-in-progress studies, and research letters; lack of clear definitions for editorials, research letters and research-in-progress studies is discussed. Thematic fields covered by all categories in 2021 and 2022 are presented and differences in this regard between 2021 and 2022 are highlighted. Reasons for not publishing case reports (CRs) are discussed, with some of the debate on this issue in medical literature summarized. The article type classification used in ACEM in only one of many possible solutions and may be modified in the future - it should be both clear for the authors and allow for orientation in the journal's content. The motivation for choosing the employed categories stem both from their position on the accepted levels of evidence in evidence-based medicine (EBM) and their potential to be cited.
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Bibliometria , Publicações Periódicas como AssuntoRESUMO
This editorial discusses graphical abstracts (GAs) as a relatively new tool used to concisely summarize a scientific paper and promote it on social media to boost the visibility of research and the number of citations. This article attempts to define GA as clearly as possible and to explain the role of GAs as scientific communication tools in medical journals. A clear definition of a GA is lacking. Several definitions from the literature are presented, which illustrates that the terms "visual abstract" and "graphical abstract" can be used interchangeably. The role of GAs can be described in 3 aspects: 1) time required for communication (GAs are meant to convey the key contents of a scientific paper in a time much shorter than required for reading the full text), 2) means of communication (social media), and 3) mechanism of communication (research results in many fields of medicine can be better conveyed through visual or at least more visual means rather than plain text). A review of the existing literature concerning the effectiveness of GAs presents studies regarding the use of GAs in promoting scientific papers on Twitter - visual abstracts attracted significantly more engagement than plain English ones, especially from medical professionals. Visual abstract tweets were associated with a significantly higher number of impressions, retweets, and link clicks compared to text abstract tweets. Journals that have introduced GAs demonstrated significantly higher impact factor (IF) increases for the past 3 years than those of journals without GAs. The longer GAs have been utilized in a journal, the higher the IF the journal had. The experience of the editors of Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (ACEM) concerning GAs are discussed, divided by types of papers published in this journal (original papers, meta-analyses, reviews, research-in-progress articles, and editorials), illustrated with examples of well-prepared GAs, and supplemented with a brief description of the feedback from authors and readers amassed following the introduction of GAs in ACEM. Finally, the authors offer the readership of ACEM 8 practical tips on how to prepare a useful GA, and list 8 common mistakes and misconceptions regarding GAs - both in text form and summarized in tables. The conclusion of the paper is that there is currently no universal standard for GAs, which can lead to inconsistencies in their formats and content; therefore, more detailed guidelines to standardize GAs for scientific research are warranted.
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Pesquisa Biomédica , Publicações , Humanos , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
The optimal management of hypertension in individuals aged 80âyears or older with frailty remains uncertain due to multiple gaps in evidence. Complex health issues, polypharmacy, and limited physiological reserve make responding to antihypertensive treatments unpredictable. Patients in this age group may have limited life expectancy, so their quality of life should be prioritized when making treatment decisions. Further research is needed to identify which patients would benefit from more relaxed blood pressure targets and which antihypertensive medications are preferable or should be avoided. A paradigm shift is required in attitudes towards treatment, placing equal emphasis on deprescribing and prescribing when optimizing care. This review discusses the current evidence on managing hypertension in individuals aged 80âyears or older with frailty, but further research is essential to address the gaps in knowledge and improve the care of this population.
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Desprescrições , Fragilidade , Hipertensão , Humanos , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Qualidade de Vida , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/induzido quimicamente , PolimedicaçãoRESUMO
Social Prescribing is a mechanism by which primary care team members can refer patients to community groups to improve their health and well-being. It integrates health, social care, and community, allowing patients to actively improve their health and well-being by participating in community initiatives and activities. These activities have traditionally been part of community life in European countries, and the benefits need to be consistently recognized.
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Early and premature menopause, or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), affects 1% of women under the age of 40 years. This paper reviews the main aspects of early and premature menopause and their impact on cognitive decline. Based on the literature, cognitive complaints are more common near menopause: a phase marked by a decrease in hormone levels, especially estrogen. A premature reduction in estrogen puts women at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, parkinsonism, depression, osteoporosis, hypertension, weight gain, midlife diabetes, as well as cognitive disorders and dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that female sex hormones have long-lasting neuroprotective and anti-aging properties. Estrogens seem to prevent cognitive disorders arising from a cholinergic deficit in women and female animals in middle age premature menopause that affects the central nervous system (CNS) directly and indirectly, both transiently and in the long term, leads to cognitive impairment or even dementia, mainly due to the decrease in estrogen levels and comorbidity with cardiovascular risk factors, autoimmune diseases, and aging. Menopausal hormone therapy from menopause to the age of 60 years may provide a "window of opportunity" to reduce the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD in later life. Women with earlier menopause should be taken care of by various specialists such as gynecologists, endocrinologists, neurologists, and psychiatrists in order to maintain their mental health at the highest possible level.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Menopausa Precoce , Humanos , Animais , Feminino , Terapia de Reposição de Estrogênios/efeitos adversos , Menopausa , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , EstrogêniosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have an increased need for medical care and a high risk of hospitalization. It is necessary to improve the integration between healthcare, long-term care and social care for these individuals, as poor integration limits the full potential of care. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to identify effective indicators of CVD management, including variables that promote the horizontal and vertical integration of planned interventions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with chronic CVD managed by a general practitioner (GP) or a primary care cardiologist will be enrolled in the study. The study will use the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL)-BREF, the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) questionnaire, the Camberwell Assessment of Need (CAN) Short Appraisal Schedule, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Modified Version (HADS-M), a Self-Description Questionnaire, and the authors' self-prepared questionnaire to collect data. RESULTS: The main results will allow for the identification of the variables that influence the effectiveness of healthcare (understood as the synergy of high quality of life, intensification of health behaviors and high satisfaction of needs) for patients with CVD. In addition, an examination of the relationships between quality of life and health behaviors, assessment of needs (health and social), level of religiosity and spirituality, expectations, and variables affecting anxiety and depressive symptoms will allow for the identification of indicators that favor the integration of care both horizontally and vertically. CONCLUSION: The results of this study will support the development of systems aimed at identifying CVD patients at risk for lower effectiveness of care in integrated care. In addition, the results may help to develop clinical information and decision support systems aimed at designing personalized care models for patients with CVD. They may also help to develop coordinated care plans and patient education programs, and obtain data useful for implementing system changes.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Prestação Integrada de Cuidados de Saúde , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Doença Crônica , Assistência AmbulatorialRESUMO
Old age increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease, a devastating disorder of the human mind and the leading cause of dementia. Worldwide, 50 million people have the disease, and it is estimated that there will be 150 million by 2050. Today, healthcare for AD patients consumes 1% of the global economy. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, AD begins in the brain by accumulating and aggregating Aß peptides and forming ß-amyloid fibrils (Aß42). However, in clinical trials, reducing Aß peptide production and amyloid formation in the brain did not slow cognitive decline or improve daily life in AD patients. Prevention studies in cognitively unimpaired people at high risk or genetically destined to develop AD also have not slowed cognitive decline. These observations argue against the amyloid hypothesis of AD etiology, its development, and disease mechanisms. Here, we look at other avenues in the research of AD, such as the presenilin hypothesis, synaptic glutamate signaling, and the role of astrocytes and the glutamate transporter EAAT2 in the development of AD.
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Doença de Alzheimer , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Humanos , Doença de Alzheimer/etiologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/complicações , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Amiloide , PresenilinasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Personalized medicine (PM) is an approach based on understanding the differences between patients with the same disease and represents a change from the "one size fits all" concept. According to this concept, appropriate therapies should be selected for specific groups of patients. PM makes it possible to predict whether a particular therapy will be effective for a particular patient. PM will still have to overcome many challenges and barriers before it can be successfully implemented in healthcare systems. However, it is essential to remember that PM is not a medical revolution but an evolution. METHODS: Three focus groups were conducted, to achieve the purpose of this study, which was to identify the barriers and facilitators existing to the implementation of PM and to highlight existing practices in European countries. Focus group discussions covered the areas of barriers and facilitators to the implementation of personalized medicine. RESULTS: This section describes the results of the focus groups that covered the areas of barriers and facilitators of personalized medicine implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Personalized medicine faces many challenges and barriers before it can be successfully implemented in health systems. The translation of PM to European countries, differences in regulations, high costs of new technologies, and reimbursement are the reasons for the delay in PM implementation.
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BACKGROUND: Poor dietary habits are common and lead to significant morbidity and mortality. However, addressing and improving nutrition in various cardiovascular settings remain sub-optimal. This paper discusses practical approaches to how nutritional counselling and promotion could be undertaken in primary care, cardiac rehabilitation, sports medicine, paediatric cardiology, and public health. DISCUSSION: Nutrition assessment in primary care could improve dietary patterns and use of e-technology is likely to revolutionize this. However, despite technological improvements, the use of smartphone apps to assist with healthier nutrition remains to be thoroughly evaluated. Cardiac rehabilitation programmes should provide individual nutritional plans adapted to the clinical characteristics of the patients and include their families in the dietary management. Nutrition for athletes depends on the sport and the individual and preference should be given to healthy foods, rather than nutritional supplements. Nutritional counselling is also very important in the management of children with familial hypercholesterolaemia and congenital heart disease. Finally, policies taxing unhealthy foods and promoting healthy eating at the population or workplace level could be effective for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Within each setting, gaps in knowledge are provided. CONCLUSION: This clinical consensus statement contextualizes the clinician's role in nutrition management in primary care, cardiac rehabilitation, sports medicine, and public health, providing practical examples of how this could be achieved.
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Cardiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Esportes , Criança , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Dieta Saudável , Educação em SaúdeRESUMO
(1) Background: Personalised medicine (PM) is an innovative way to produce better patient outcomes by using an individualised or stratified approach to disease and treatment rather than a collective approach to treating patients. PM is a major challenge for all European healthcare systems. This article aims to identify the needs of citizens in terms of PM adaptation, as well as to provide insights into the barriers and facilitators categorised in relation to key stakeholders of their implementation. (2) Methods: This article presents data obtained from the survey "Barriers and facilitators of Personalised Medicine implementation-qualitative study under Regions4PerMed (H2020) project". Semi-structured questions were included in the above-mentioned survey. The questions included both structured and unstructured segments in an online questionnaire (Google Forms). Data were compiled into a data base. The results of the research were presented in the study. The number of people who participated in the survey can be considered an insufficient sample size for statistical measurement. In order to avoid collecting unreliable data, the questionnaires were sent to various stakeholders of the Regions4PerMed project, which includes members of the Advisory Board of the Regions4PerMed Project, but also speakers of conferences and workshops, and participants in these events. The professional profiles of the respondents are also diverse. (3) Results: The insights on what would help in the adaptation of Personal Medicine to citizen needs have been categorised into 7 areas of need: education; finances; dissemination; data protection/IT/data sharing; system changes/governmental level; cooperation/collaboration; public/citizens. Barriers and facilitators have been categorised into ten key stakeholders of the implementation barriers: government and government agencies; medical doctors/practitioners; healthcare system; healthcare providers; patients and patient organisations; medical sector, scientific community, researchers, stakeholders; industry; technology developers; financial institutions; media. (4) Conclusions: Barriers to the implementation of Personalised Medicine are observed across Europe. The barriers and facilitators mentioned in the article need to be effectively managed in healthcare systems across Europe. There is an urgent need to remove as many barriers as possible and create as many facilitators as possible to implement personalized medicine in the European system.
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Visits of chronically ill patients account for 80% of primary care consultations. Approximately 15-38% of patients have three or more chronic diseases, and 30% of hospitalisations result from the deteriorating clinical condition of these patients. The burden of chronic disease and multimorbidity is increasing in combination with the growing population of elderly people. However, many interventions found to be effective in health service studies fail to translate into meaningful patient care outcomes across multiple contexts. With the growing burden of chronic diseases, healthcare providers, health policymakers, and other healthcare system stakeholders are re-examining their strategies and opportunities for more effective prevention and clinical interventions. The study aimed to find the best practice guidelines and policies influencing effective intervention and making it possible to personalize prevention strategies. Apart from clinical treatment, it is essential to increase the effectiveness of non-clinical interventions that could empower chronic patients to increase their involvement in therapy. The review focuses on the best practice guidelines and policies in non-medical interventions and the barriers to and facilitators of their implementation into everyday practice. A systematic review of practice guidelines and policies was conducted to answer the research question. The authors screened databases and included 47 full-text recent studies in the qualitative synthesis.
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A key factor to successful secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is optimal patient adherence to treatment. However, unsatisfactory rates of adherence to treatment for CVD risk factors and CVD have been observed consistently over the last few decades. Hence, achieving optimal adherence to lifestyle measures and guideline-directed medical therapy in secondary prevention and rehabilitation is a great challenge to many healthcare professionals. Therefore, in this European Association of Preventive Cardiology clinical consensus document, a modern reappraisal of the adherence to optimal treatment is provided, together with simple, practical, and feasible suggestions to achieve this goal in the clinical setting, focusing on evidence-based concepts.
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Cardiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Prevenção Secundária , Cooperação do Paciente , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
After experiencing an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), patients are at a high risk of suffering from recurrent ischaemic cardiovascular events, especially in the very early phase. Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) is causally involved in atherosclerosis and a clear, monotonic relationship between pharmacologic LDL-C lowering and a reduction in cardiovascular events post-ACS has been shown, a concept termed 'the lower, the better'. Current ESC guidelines suggest an LDL-C guided, step-wise initiation and escalation of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT). Observational studies consistently show low rates of guideline-recommended LLT adaptions and concomitant low rates of LDL-C target goal achievement, leaving patients at residual risk, especially in the vulnerable post-ACS phase. In addition to the well-established 'the lower, the better' approach, a 'strike early and strike strong' approach in the early post-ACS phase with upfront initiation of a combined lipid-lowering approach using high-intensity statins and ezetimibe seems reasonable. We discuss the rationale, clinical trial evidence and experience for such an approach and highlight existing knowledge gaps. In addition, the concept of acute initiation of PCSK9 inhibition in the early phase is reviewed. Ultimately, we focus on hurdles and solutions to provide high-quality, evidence-based follow-up care in post-ACS patients.
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Síndrome Coronariana Aguda , Cardiologia , Dislipidemias , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases , Humanos , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/terapia , LDL-Colesterol , Dislipidemias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/uso terapêutico , Pró-Proteína Convertase 9/uso terapêutico , Europa (Continente)RESUMO
The editorial demonstrates changes in the number and subject matter of papers dealing with issues related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which were published in Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine (ACEM) during 3 years of the pandemic (2020-2022). In 2020, 24 such manuscripts were submitted to the editorial office, of which 9 were published; in 2021, 48 were submitted and 10 published, while in 2022, there were 34 articles submitted and 4 published. Authors of this editorial point out that while initially chances for publication of papers regarding COVID-19 were greater than papers covering other issues, the editors of ACEM gradually enforced the same requirements for COVID-19-related papers as for the others (the acceptance rate for these papers was 37.5% in 2020, 20.8% in 2021 and 11.8% in 2022). The published papers described, among other aspects, the relationship between COVID-19 and other diseases (e.g., pneumonia, Parkinson's disease and acute kidney injury) and methods of preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among healthcare staff. An emergency situation of pandemic called for disseminating the results of scientific research as promptly as possible; however, the proper answer to this challenge is not lowering and simplifying requirements for peer review, but releasing the results in a form of registered preprints, which allow for provisionally making the paper available for the scientific community while the peer review verification is still ongoing.