[Lymphocytes enzymatic status and peripheral blood neutrophils oxygen-dependent metabolism in patients with renal cancer]. / Osobennosti énzimaticheskogo statusa limfotsitov i kislorodzavisimogo metabolizma neitrofilov perifericheskoi krovi u bol'nykh rakom pochki.

The immune system, one of the most important homeostatic organism systems, is actively involved in the protection against malignant tumors. The earliest sighs of immune homeostasis disorders should be invetigated at the cellular level, because of cell functional manifestations depend on the state of intracellular metabolic reactions. The study of lymphocyte NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases activity and peripheral blood neutrophils oxygen-dependent metabolism in patients with renal cellular carcinoma (RCC) showed a decrease in the intensity of ribose-5-phosphate and NADH-dependent synthetic processes, inhibition of terminal reactions of glycolysis. Altered activities of the studied enzymes favor an increase in outflow of intermediates of the Krebs cycle on the reaction of amino acid metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radical nephrectomy was accompanied by increased activity of glycolysis. The basal level chemiluminescent of peripheral neutrophils of RCC patients response was higher both before and after operations. Stimulation of neutrophils by opsonized zymosan in vitro leads to increase in oxidative metabolism activity, most in 14 days after surgery period. Before and 30 days after surgery, adaptive metabolic capabilities of neutrophilic granulocytes decreased.

[The immunological characteristics and enzymatic activity of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of the children presenting with pharyngeal tonsillar hypertrophy]. / Immunologicheskie pokazateli i énzimaticheskaia aktivnost' limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi u detei s gipertrofiei glotochnoi mindaliny.

The objective of the present work was to study the immunological characteristics and activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the young children presenting with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy (PTH). A total of 57 children at the age from 1 to 3 years with PTH were available for the examination. The control group was comprised of 35 age-matched practically healthy children. The amount of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+/56-, and CD19+ cells in the peripheral blood was determined with the use of the cytoflowmetric technique. The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was quantified by the method of A.A. Savchenko and co-workers ([14]. Serum IgA, IgM, and IgG levels were measured as described by G. Mancini and co-workers [12], and the levels of the circulating immune complexes (CIC) by the method of Haskova and co-workers [13]. The children presenting with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy were found to undergo changes in the immune-phenotypic spectrum of peripheral bloods lymphocytes, the decrease of serum IgA concentration, and the increase in the serum CIC level. The activity of riboso-5-phpsphate- and NADH-dependent reactions of the macromolecular synthesis was increased whereas the role of the malate-aspartate shunt in the cellular energy metabolism and activity of glycolysis decreased. On the contrary, the substrate flow in the tricarbonic acid cycle was rather high while glutathione reductase activity was low. The present study has shown that the children presenting with pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy underwent changes in the immune and phenotypic spectrum of peripheral bloods lymphocytes, the decrease of serum IgA concentration, and the increase in the serum CIC level.

[Changes of the Immunophenotypic Spectrum and the Enzymatic Profile of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes in Infants with Hypertrophy of the Pharyngeal Tonsil].

OBJECTIVE: to study immunophenotype and NAD- and NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase of blood lymphocytes activity indicators in children with hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils (HPT). METHODS: 57 children aged 1-3 years with HPT were examined. The focus group included 35 healthy children of the similar age. The number of CD3⁺-, CD4⁺-, CD8⁺-, CD16⁺/56⁺-, CD19⁺-cells in the blood was determined by flow cytometry. The activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase was studied by the method of A. Savchenko and coauth. (1989). RESULTS: The changes of immunophenotypic spectrum of peripheral blood lymphocytes in infants with HPT have been revealed. The increase of ribose-5-phosphate and NADN-dependent reactions of macromolecular synthesis, the reduction of malataspartat shunt role in cell energy, the reduction of anaerobic lactate dehydrogenase reaction, the compensatory increase in the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, the high substrate flow of the citric acid cycle and the reduced level of glutathione have been fixed. The correlation analysis has showed increase in the number of correlations between indicators of investigated oxidoreductase activity in blood lymphocytes in children with HPT and the high level of correlation between the metabolic reactions of the mitochondrial compartment. CONCLUSION: the change of immunophenotype, enzymatic activity, correlation pattern of connection between intracellular enzymes of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been revealed in children aged 1-3 years with HPT.

[Changes in functional activity of neutrophils in peripheral blood of patients with renal cell cancer in the course of the disease].

OBJECTIVE: Research purpose was to study phagocytic activity and a oxygen depended metabolism of blood neutrophils (NF) at patients with a renal cell carcinoma in dynamics - before operation and after surgical treatment. METHODs; Patients with a locally invasive renal cell carcinoma (T3N0M0) were put under observation before surgical treatment (n =84) and in 10 days after a radical nephrectomy (n =54) at the age of 45-55 years. The 56 conditionally healthy donors combine into the control group. Indicators of functional activity, the spontaneous and induced lyuminol- and lyutsigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CHL) NF of pedipheral blood was studied. RESULTS: During the period before operation time of an exit to a maximum of spontaneous and stimulated lyuminol-dependent HL is slowed down (p <0.004 and p <0.006 respectively); indicators of the area of lyutsigenin-dependent HL NF of blood concerning indicators of control group are increased (p <0.01 for spontaneous, p <0.004 for the reaction induced by lyutsigenin). In 10 days after surgical treatment the quantity of active ingestion rate decreased (p <0.017 in the test with S. epidermidis, p <0.036 for test with latex); time of an exit to a maximum of spontaneous and stimulated lyuminol-dependent remained increased (p <0.006 and p <0.008 respectively) in comparison with indicators of healthy donors. The amount of an index of activation of lyuminol-dependent as in comparison with control (p <0.037), and relative to the period before operation increased (p <0.048). The area of spontaneous lyutsigenin-dependent HL NF of blood relative to indicators of control group was still increased (p <0.011), decrease in this parameter in comparison with amount of group before operation was however registered (p <0.004). CONCLUSION: At patients with renal cell carcinoma in 10 days after surgical treatment of NF of blood were characterized by the strengthened production of high-energy oxidizers and the reduced phagocytic activity that testifies to a functional and metabolic imbalance.

[Immunologic indexes, enzyme status of lymphocytes and functional activity of blood neutrophils in children with infectious mononucleosis caused by Epstein-Barr virus].

AIM: Explore the immunological parameters, levels of activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases lymphocytes, interferon status parameters, phagocytic activity and chemiluminescence response of neutrophils in the blood of children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 65 children at the age of 4-6 years old with infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV in acute phase were observed. Such indexes as cell-mediated, humoral and interferon immunity, NAD(P)-depended dehydrogenases activity in blood lymphocyte, phagocytes activity, levels of spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence ofperipheral blood neutrophils were studied. RESULTS: Children with EVB-infection have immunophenotype spectrum changes and changes of enzymes status of blood lymphocytes against the increasing in leucocytes and the useful increasing in lymphocytes. The useful increasing in IgA, IgM, IgG contenting in serum blood were found. The decreasing of spontaneous production of IFN alpha and the decreasing of induced production of IFNalpha, IFNgamma were determined. The breach of phagocytes activity and chemiluminescent response of blood neutrophils were found. CONCLUSIONS: The children in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, there are changes in the immune status, changes the activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes, marked changes in functional and metabolic state of peripheral blood neutrophils.

Changes in blood lymphocyte enzyme profile in patients with renal cancer after a course of interferon therapy.

Activities of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes of patients with renal cell cancer were studied. The enzyme profiles in patients were different before and after the course of immunotherapy. A relationship between changes in the enzyme status and in vitro cell sensitivity to IFN-α2a was detected.

Lucigenin- and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood neutrophils in patients with renal cancer.

High basal production of primary active oxygen forms was detected in the peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with renal cell cancer. In vitro stimulation of neutrophils led to more rapid release of superoxide radicals into extracellular space and to a reduction of cell capacity to more intense production of primary active oxygen forms.

[Characteristics of lymphocyte enzymatic activity in children with Epstein-Barr infection].

Activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes from 140 children aged 1-14 years with Epstein-Barr infection was studied. It was shown to depend on the disease duration and children's age. Disturbances of lymphocyte enzymatic activity persisted during the reconvalescence period.

[Characteristics of enzymatic state and functional activity of immunocompetent cells in peripheral blood of patients with kidney cancer].

Characteristics of T-cell, humoral component of the immune system, activity of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes, phagocytic activity, and chemiluminescent response of blood neutrophils from patients with renal cell cancer have been examined before and within 14 days after surgical treatment. Changes of these parameters depended on the time elapsed after surgery. It is shown that immune status, enzymatic activity of lymphocytes and functional state of neutrophils in patients with renal cell cancer failed to reach normal levels 14 days after complete nephrectomy.

Enzymatic status of blood lymphocytes in young children with Epstein-Barr virus infection.

Activities of NAD(PH)-dependent dehydrogenases in peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied in children aged 1-3 years in the dynamics of the disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus. A relationship between changes in activities of the studied enzymes and disease period was revealed. The disorders of blood lymphocyte enzymatic status persisted during convalescence.

Cell sensitivity to reaferon in patients with renal cell cancer after reaferon therapy.

Individual sensitivity of blood neutrophils to IFN-alpha2a was studied in vitro in patients with renal cell cancer before and after the first course of reaferon therapy. Cell sensitivity changed after reaferon therapy in 85% patients. This necessitates evaluation of individual cell sensitivity not only before therapy, but also before the next course of therapy.

Evaluation of the expression of early activation marker CD69 by CD8+ lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients.

We studied the expression of CD69 antigen on CD8+ lymphocytes in response to nonspecific activator phytohemagglutinin in 202 patients with HIV infection. It was found that the number of CD8+CD69+ lymphocytes in HIV-infected patients increased; this parameter negatively correlated with relative and absolute content of CD4+ cells and positively correlated with IgG concentration.

[Clinical and immunological effect of vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae, type B, in children with disorders of the nervous system].

Observations on 277 children aged 3 months to 4 years with lesions of the nervous system, immunized with vaccine Act-HIB (Aventis Pasteur, France), were carried out in groups of children. The significant decrease of the level of Hib nasopharyngeal carrier state in 3.3 times and the decrease of total morbidity in acute infections of respiratory and ENT organs in 2.7 times occurred after immunization was revealed. The immunological effect of immunization on the level of protective titers against H. influenzae, type b, in children with organic CNS lesions in children was shown.

[The clinical value of immunological markers of EBV infection in children with infectious mononucleosis].

A hundred and sixteen patients aged 1 to 14 years who had infectious mononucleosis (IM) caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) were followed up in its acute phase and 3, 6, and 12 months after the disease experienced by them. The clinical significance of the markers of EBV infection was assessed in children with IM. The high diagnostic capacity of detection of EBV DNA in the lymphocytes was established in patients with IM. It was shown that it is necessary to use the serological markers of EBV infection to monitor the course of this disease in children.

[Correlation of clinical manifestations of atopic dermatitis in children and the activity of NAD(PH)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes]. / Vzaimosviaz' klinicheskikh proiavlenii atopicheskogo dermatita u detei s aktivnost'iu NAD(F)-zavisimykh degidrogenaz limfotsitov krovi.

The bioluminescence was used to study the activity levels of NAD (P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes of 88 children with atopic dermatitis. The nature and intensity of the investigated enzymes were found to be dependent on age and a disease severity with changes being most pronounced and resistant in the elder age group and in patients with a continuously relapsing disease course. Besides, it was shown that the changes of NAD (P)-dependent dehydrogenases in blood lymphocytes are objectively related with an allergic inflammation clinical course in patients with atopic dermatitis and could be clinically valuable in monitoring the dermatitis progression at the metabolic level, in prognosticating possible relapses and in evaluating a chosen therapy.

[The structural and functional status of the immune system in pre-school children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. / Strukturno-funktsional'noe sostoianie immunnoi sistemy u detei rannego vozrasta, infitsirovannykh mikobakteriiami tuberkuleza.

Sixty children infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT), aged 3 to 5 years were followed up in the period before specific chemotherapy. The studies established structural and functional changed in the immune system in young MBT-infected children. Moreover, the disorders found in immune homeostasis were of combined nature. This circumstance should be taken into account in elaborating immune rehabilitative programs for this group of patients.

[Comparative analysis of the functional activity of neutrophil granulocytes from blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma before and after the surgical treatment]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz funktsional'noi aktivnosti neitrofil'nykh granulotsitov krovi bol'nykh pochechno-kletochnym rakom do i posle operativnogo lecheniia.

Patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were examined by the chemiluminescent analysis before and after surgery. The cells of subjects with the discussed pathology were found to be in the state of functionally metabolic misbalance, i.e. an increased initial level of the synthesis of active oxygen with a relatively reduced cell reactivity when additionally stimulated. Such specificity of neutrophil granulocytes of peripheral blood is more pronounced in RCC patients after surgery. Supposedly, the above phenomenon is preconditioned by a lack of metabolic reserves that could provide an adequate functional response to extra stimulation and it develops due to a prolonged tumor progression and stress brought about by surgical intervention.

[Evaluation of the metabolic state and functional activity of immunocompetent cells in children with relapsing herpetic viral infection]. / Otsenka metabolicheskogo sostoianiia i funktsional'noi aktivnosti immunokompetentnykh kletok u detei s retsidiviruiushchei gerpesvirusnoi infektsiei.

Specific features of the immune response were studied (during the clinical remission period) in 40 children (aged 3 to 6) with a relapsing herpes viral infection (RHVI). The following was established: an increased relative and absolute quantity of lymphocytes, a reduced percentage content of CD+ and an increased absolute count of CD+ in the peripheral blood. Changes in the immunity humoral chain manifested themselves by an increased content of class G immunoglobulins and of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in the blood serum. A reduced quantity of phagocyting blood neutrophils was registered with the absorbing ability being preserved. Changes in the metabolic status of immune-competent cells were established; they were described by a high activity of the plastic exchange reaction, a tensed energetic potential and a reduced glutathione-recovery reaction modulating the proliferative activity of lymphocytes. A reduced reserve potential of oxygen-dependent biocenosis of neutrophyl granulocytes was detected in the peripheral blood. Obviously, the structural and metabolic changes in the blood lymphocytes as well as the abnormalities in the functional activity of neutrophyl granulocytes, observed during the clinical remission period in the RHVI period, are a cause predetermining the relapses of the disease and can be regarded as a criterion for applying the immune rehabilitation.

[Specific features of functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children of different age groups]. / Osobennosti funktsional'noi aktivnosti neitrofil'nykh granulotsitov pri infitsirovanii mikobakteriiami tuberkuleza u detei razlichnykh vozrastnykh grupp.

Sixty children infected with Mycobacteria tuberculosis from two age groups (3-5 and 12-14 years) were followed up. The phagocytic activity and oxygen-dependent biocidicity of peripheral neutrophilic granulocytes were studied. The studies indicated dysfunctions of neutrophilic granulocytes in the children infected with Mycobacteria tuberculosis. This fact should be borne in mind in developing immunorehabilitative programmes in this category of patients. Moreover, the changes in the killing activity of neutrophilic turned out to be more pronounced in a young age group. In this connection, immunomodulating therapy should be strictly differentiated.

[Metabolic characteristics of immunocompetent cells in children with relapsing herpes]. / Osobennosti matabolizma immunokompetentnykh kletok u detei s retsidiviruiushchei gerpeticheskoi infektsiei.

Healthy children aged 1-6 years and patients of the same age with recurrent herpesvirus infection (RHVI) during remission were examined. The levels of NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases of blood lymphocytes were measured. Lymphocyte metabolism in the patients was characterized by activation of the key reaction of the pentose phosphate cycle, increased level of the mitochondrial compartment oxidoreductases, increased substrate flow through glucose-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and inhibition of NADH-dependent dehydrogenase reactions of the cytoplasmatic compartment. A relationship between intracellular metabolism and incidence of RHVI relapses was detected. The metabolic status of blood lymphocytes did not normalize during RHVI remissions.