[Changes in lipid content of RBC membranes in divers working on low and moderate depths.]

The study covered lipid content of RBC membranes in divers exposed to extreme hyperbaric factors at work. Findings are that prophylactic intake of biologically active additive nutrient "Kalifen" made of viburnum berries preserved physiologic characteristics of RBC and recovery of lipid components in their membranes.

[Prevention of deteriorations of blood biochemical indices in experimental stress in rats].

Results of the research of the impact of extract from the byproducts of guelder-rose, containing a complexflavonoides (65% of dry weight), in the conditions of experimental a stress (vertical fixing of rats by a dorsal cervicalfold for 22 o'clock) are presented. The impact of a stress was shown to be followed by the gain in mass of adrenal glands by 42%. In blood serum there were noted marked hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, increased superoxide dismutase activity, decline in the number of reduced glutathione and anti-radical activity, the gain in lisofractions of phospholipids, decrease of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cholesterol esters. Administration of the extract from the byproducts of guelder rose crushing promoted the normalization of indices of mass of adrenal glands and lipid metabolism in blood serum, was more effective, than a reference stress protector "Extract eleuterokokka®". The introduction of eleuterococcus was followed by the persistent both elevated level of cholesterol, free fatty acids, lisofraction of phospholipidsand low level offatty acids esters, cholesterol esters and a diphosphatidilglicerin. Byproducts of guelder-rose were shown to represent a perspective view of raw materials for the producing of stress protective preparations.

[Modification of the pattern of fatty acids of erythrocytes' membranes due to the acetone intoxication].

Results of the study of the impact of acetone intoxication on the fatty acids pattern of the general lipids of erythrocytes' membranes in rats are presented. The inhalation exposure of acetone was carried out in the inoculation chamber with the volume of 100 liters. The chamber was designed for the type of B.A. Kurlyandsky with self-contained system of purification and air regeneration and specified parameters of temperature (20-22С) and air humidity. The flow rate of the air and aerosolized acetone passed through the chamber accounted of 10 liters/min. Concentration of acetone in the chamber was sustained at the level of 206 ± 3,9 mg/m that corresponds to maximum permissible concentration for acetone vapor in the air of a working area. The time of exposure was 6 hours per day for 3 weeks in a monotonous mode, excluding weekend, and was based upon specific parameters of environment simulation in industry. The acetone impact was shown to be accompanied by the gain in the quantity of all kinds of saturated fatty acids and the fall of unsaturated fatty acids in general lipids of erythrocytes ' membranes in rats and in the structure ofphospholipid fractions. In the content of phosphatydilcholine and phosphatydilethanolamine, as a basic structural phospholipids of biological membranes, there was noted the increase in palmitic and stearic acids. In the range offatty acids of the n-6 family the amount of linoleic and arachidonic acids decreased. In the array of fatty acids of the n-3 family the content of linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (n-3 family) declined. Redistribution of fatty acids in the erythrocytes membrane towards to such alteration in quantity as the increasing of saturation and decreasing of the unsaturated fatty acids supposes the change of its physical and chemical properties, permeability, lability and complexity of passing erythrocyte via microcircular channels.

[Hepatorotective activity of honeysuckle fruit extract in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated rats].

We have studied the effects of the extract from the dry pomace of honeysuckle fruits Lonicera edulis Turcz. and commercial reference preparation Legalon on weight and biochemical liver indexes in rats upon carbon tetrachloride intoxication. The extract of honeysuckle fruits favored a decrease in the total lipid content, reduced specific liver weight, and facilitated restoration of the activity of serum alanine aminotransferase and liver lysosomal enzymes. It the blood of rats, the extract increased superoxide dismutase activity, decreased glutathione level, enhanced antiradical activity, and reduced the level of malonic dialdehyde. The effect of administration of honeysuckle fruits pomace extract on restoration of the liver function was more pronounced than the effect of Legalon.

[Hepatoprotective properties of isoflavonoids from roots of Maackia amurensis on experimental carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage].

Hepatoprotective properties of ethanol extract from the roots of Maackia amurensis Ruper et Maxim have been studied on the model of toxic hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachloride damage. It is established that the extract contains daidzein, 7-O-gentobiosides of isoflavonoids genistein, formononetin, pseudobabtige-nin, and 5-O-methylgenistein, and 3-O-gentobiosides of pterocarpans (6aR, 11aR)-maakiain and (6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. The administration of extract facilitates the restoration of antioxidant protection enzymes activity and reduced glutathione level, decreases the formation of toxic peroxidation products, produces normalizing impact on liver phospholipid pattern, and improves the erythrocyte tolerance to hemolytic agents. The action of isoflavonoids from Maackia amurensis in restoration of metabolic pathways of the liver and removal of toxic stress was more effective as compared to that of the reference hepatoprotector legalon.

[Prophylaxis of carbon bisulphide poisoning effects on lipid component of erythrocyte membrane in experiment].

Preventive injection of "Kalifen" extract of high cranberry before and during intoxication with carbon bisulphide appeared to preserve lipid component of RBC membrane in rats.

[Prevention of stress-related disorders in medical personnel].

Study covered female surgeons subjected to occupational stress complex (psychoemotional, chemical, work intensity, etc). Prophylactic intake of biologically active food supplement made of high cranberry appeared to relieve tension of antioxidant and antiradical defence systems, increased activation and stress, to normalize carbohydrates metabolism parameters.

[Influence of the extract from tunic of purple ascidium sea hydrobiont on the lipid metabolism in liver under acute stress conditions].

The effect of an extract from tunic of the sea hydrobiont purple ascidium (Halocynthia aurantium) on the lipid metabolism in the liver of mice has been studied under the acute stress conditions modeled by fixing animals for 22 h at the dorsal neck fold. The extract from purple ascidium tunic is superior to essentiale (well-known commercial hepatoprotector) in the efficacy of restoring lipid fraction content (tryglycerides, cholesterol, free fat acids, lysophospholipids) disturbed by stress action. In addition, the extract normalizes the esterification function of the liver. The observed effect of the purple ascidium tunica extract is related to a combined action of the "marine" phospholipids that are present in the preparation and are known to possess reparative properties.

[Influence of hyperbaric stress on metabolic reactions of the organism of divers, prevention].

Research of metabolic rates is conducted in a blood of the subjects whose professional work is connected with the systematic implementation of diving on the large and medium depths. For restoration of working capacity and preservation of health of divers was carried pharmacological prophylaxis with supplementation "Kalifen", which is the total polyphenol complex isolated from viburnum (Viburnum sargentii Koehne). The blood plasma of divers, investigated after a dive, there was hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, the suppression of esterified liver function, an imbalance of fractional content of phospholipids, the strain of antioxidant defense of an organism and increased lipid peroxidation. Preventive administration supplementation "Kalifen" for 2 months before the dive will help remove metabolic disorders caused by hyperbaric factors, and also to store up of anabolic reserves and increase body resistance level in extreme conditions.

[Application of food supplement, of a duilder-rose for prevention of stressful disturbance of physiological and biochemical characteristics of erythrocytes].

In the article results of researches of influence of food supplement allocated of a guelder-rose (Viburnum sargentii Koehne) on structural and physiological characteristics of erythrocytes are presented to blood of the doctors-surgeons who are exposed during of the working day to complex stressful influence (psychologic-emotional, chemical, intensity of labour process, etc). It is shown that preventive application a polyphenolic complex from a guelder-rose promoted restoration of average volume and diameter of erythrocytes, normalization of a parity of quantitative structure of neutral lipids and phospholipids, to preservation of permeability of membranes. The food supplement allocated of a guelder-rose can be used in a treatment and prophylactic feed.

[Prevention of abnormal physiological and biochemical characteristics of red blood cells in carbon disulfide intoxication].

Experimental studies were conducted on 4 groups of 10 rats each: 1) intact animals (a control group); 2) inhalation of carbon disulfide at a concentration of 2.0 mg/m3 for 7 days; 3) prophylactic administration of the hepatoprotective agent Legalon (100 mg/kg of total polyphenols), followed by carbon disulfide inhalation for 7 days; 4) prophylactic administration of the biologically active additive Kalifen (100 mg/kg of total polyphenols for 7 days), followed by carbon disulfide inhalation. Animal survival after carbon disulfide inhalation was 80%; preadministration of Legalon or Kalifen increased survival up to 100%. Carbon disulfide inhalation was attended by abnormal size features of red blood cells, impairments in the antioxidant defense system and the ratio of phospholipid fractions to neutral lipids. Preadministration of Legalon or Kalifen before inhalation contributes to less abnormalities in the study physiological and biochemical parameters of erythrocyte membranes.

[Biologically active additives in health prophylaxis of medical workers].

The aim of the investigation was to use the biologically active additive (BAD) Kalifen to prevent metabolic disturbances in medical workers during their occupational activity. Female physicians aged 40-50 years were examined. Group 1 (control) included 20 age-matched healthy female donors. Group 2 comprised 27 female physicians (anesthesiologists and surgeons) daily exposed to stresses (chemical, psychoemotional, work-related, etc.) who were asked after blood biochemical tests to daily take the BAD Kalifen in a dose of 2.5 ml after a meal (they made up Group 3), which is equal to the daily prophylactic dose in 100 mg of total polyphenols. The plasma tested before an experiment showed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, suppressed hepatic etherifying function, imbalance of the fractional content of phospholipids, exhaustion of the antioxidative system, increased lipid peroxidation, and impaired erythrocytic membrane permeability. The prophylactic use of the BAD Kalifen eliminates stress-induced metabolic disturbances and increases occupational and biological longevity in the able-bodied population.

[Application of extract from wild plants in guality antoxidants of oil production storage prolongs period].

In clause data on an opportunity of use of the natural antioxidants received from wild-growing vegetative raw material of Ussuriskaya taiga as antioxidants for a fatty basis of margarine. Is practically proved the role of entered antioxidants in change of periods of storage of oil production with biologically active substances.

[The impact of nitric oxide intoxication on hepatic metabolic reactions and the prevention of lesions].

Experimental studies were conducted on 4 groups of animals, each containing 20 rats: (1) intact animals (control); (2) the animals given inhaled nitric oxide at a concentration of 4.3 mg/m3 for 6 min; (3) those were prophylactically administered amtizole (40 mg/kg 30 min before inhalation of nitric oxide with further 6-min inhalation; (4) those receiving Eleutherococcus for 3 weeks, followed by amtizole administration 30 min before nitric oxide inhalation and with further 6-min inhalation. After nitric oxide inhalation, animals' survival was 16%; the preadministration of amtizole enhanced the survival up to 50%; co-administration of Eleutherococcus and amtizole contributed to 80% survival. Inhalation of nitric oxides at a concentration of 4.3 mg/m3 resulted in the impairment of hepatic xenobiotic detoxification system, the development of tissue hypoxia, fatty infiltration, and deterioration of hepatic etherifying function. Preadministration of the antihypoxant amtizole prior to inhalation favored less hepatic dysfunction. Preadministration of Eleutherococcus and further amtizole administration have a protective effect on hepatic antitoxic function and lipid metabolism.

[Prevention of stress states in full-time students].

The study was undertaken to use the biologically active additive (BAA) Kalifen as a component of the jellies BIO-LAD for students' adaptation to academic load. Two groups of male volunteers aged 20-22 years were examined. Group 1 (control) included 20 healthy male donors of the comparable age. Group 2 comprised 10 students who were asked to take 100 mg of the jellies containing the BAA Kalifen (TU 9128-152-02067936-2006), which was equivalent to 100 mg of total polyphenols a day, on fasting every day after biochemical blood studies. The serum tested before the experiment showed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, suppressed hepatic etherifying function and imbalance of the fractional content of phospholipids. Exhaustion of the antioxidative system, increased lipid peroxidation, and impaired erythrocytic membrane permeability were also ascertained. Supplementation of the jellies normalized the biochemical parameters under study. From the above discussion, it follows that the jellies BIO-LAD should be used as a purposefully acting product to prevent mental and emotional stress.

[Impact of the working environment on metabolic reactions in operating pilots].

Two groups of male volunteers aged 35-45 years were examined. Group 1 comprised 20 healthy donors controls) and Group 2 included 10 operating pilots whom after biochemical blood analysis were proposed to use daily the biologically active supplement (BAS) Kalifen, 5 ml (which was equal to 100 mg/day of total polyphenols) after meals in the morning for 4 weeks. Before the use of the supplement, the sera of the examinees provided evidence that they had hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia, inhibited hepatic etherifying function, unbalanced phospholipid composition, depleted antioxidative system, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and increased erythrocytic membrane permeability. The combined influence of the working environment on the operating pilots's health status appeared as pronounced metabolic changes characteristic of those observed under physical and emotional stress. The use of Kalifen facilitated normalization of the studied biochemical parameters. From the afore-said, it is advisable to use BAS for the prevention of stress actions caused by a variety of physical and emotional agents.

[Impact of stress on hepatic lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, prevention].

An oligomer proantocyanidine complex (OPCC) isolated from the aqueous-and-alcoholic extract Kalifen and a polyphenol complex (PPC) isolated from the eleutherococcus extract were tested for their effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the rat liver under acute stress caused by hanging up of the animals by the cervical fold for 22 hours. This acute stress was accompanied by decreases in aerobic glycolysis and pentose cycle and by an increase in lipolysis. Hepatic etherifying function impaired. Lipids became predominant energy substrates. The administration of OPCC and PPC during stress promoted the preservation of carbohydrate metabolic reactions (gluconeogenesis, pentosephosphate pathway, Krebs cycle) and to the decrease of lipolysis. OPCC was shown to have stress-protective properties and to be able to diminish adrenal hypertrophy, to increase the production of oxidized equivalents (NAD+), and to enhance the activity of G-6-PDH in the rat liver. The complex is superior to the well-known antistress agent eleutherococcus, which makes it possible to regard these drugs as possible promising drugs in preventive and rehabilitative medicine.

[Influence of complex plant polyphenol preparation Eklikit on process of liver functions recovery after alcohol intoxication]. / Vliianie rastitel'nogo polifenol'nogo preparata éklikit na protsessy vostanovlenia funktsii pecheni posle alkogol'noi intoksikatsii.

The comparative study was carried out to estimate hepatoprotective activity of the preparation "Eklikit", that represents the extract from the Shizandra chinensis crests and reference hepatoprpotector "Legalon" under acute alcohol intoxication. It was found that "Eklikit" posseses membrane protective and expressed hepatoprotective activity. "Eklikit" exceeds the reference hepatorpotector, "Legalon", in its ability to increase the oxidized form of NAD+ and reduced glutatione, cholesterol ethers and reduce the time of thiopental sleep. In other cases "Eklikit" was equally effective to "Legalon".

[Regulation of the metabolism of ethyl alcohol in the body with oligomeric proanthocyanides as a preventive measure against its toxic effect]. / Reguliatsiia metabolizma étilovogo spirta v organizme oligomernyi proantotsianidinami kak sposob profilaktiki ego tokchicheskogo vozdeistviia.

The study evaluated the effects of a complex of oligomer proanthocyanidines derived from the crowns of the grapes Vitis vinifera on the oxidation of ethanol and on the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in the plasma of male volunteers given ethanol once, as well as in the rat liver during long-term alcohol use. Oligomer proanthocyanides were shown to be actively involved in the human and animal metabolism of ethyl alcohol in vivo. Under their action, the reductase activity was preserved, which prevented acetaldehyde from accumulating in the body since it reduces to less toxic ethanol. Oligomer proanthocyanidines from the crowns of the grape may be used to prevent a significant toxic effect of excess doses of ethyl alcohol on the body.