Effects of empagliflozin against indomethacin induced gastric mucosa.

BACKGROUND: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) are considered a new class antidiabetic agent, as well as lowering blood sugar, it has many positive effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SLGT2i on the gastric mucosa. METHODS: We investigated the effects of empagliflozin on indomethacin-induced gastritis using 48 male Wistar Albino rats. We performed histopathological evaluations of gastric mucosa tissue. And we studied the levels of serum disulfide, native thiol, total thiol, and ischemia modified albumin, disulfide/native thiol ratio (SSSH), native thiol/total thiol percent ratio (SH total SH), and disulfide/total thiol percent ratio (SS total SH). RESULTS: We found that empagliflozin increased mucin production in rat gastric mucosa. Besides, we observed milder inflammation findings and lower gastritis scores in the empagliflozin receiving groups than the placebo groups. Native thiol, total thiol, and disulfide levels were lower in the indomethacin-induced gastritis groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to investigate the effect of empagliflozin on the gastrointestinal tract in a rat model. We concluded that empagliflozin increased mucin production and revealed positive effects in an indomethacin-induced gastritis model.

Evaluation of management of patients with postoperative permanent hypoparathyroidism. How close are we to the targets?

BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PO-HypoPT) is a complication usually seen after thyroid surgery. PO-HypoPT, which lasts longer than 6 months is defined permanently. The aim of this study was to evaluate how close permanent PO-HypoPT patients can approach target values. METHODS: One hundred seven patients who were followed-up with permanent diagnosis of PO-HypoPT between 2016-2020 were included in the study. The study protocol includes serum albumin corrected total calcium (Alb-sCa), phosphate (P), Ca-P product, and 24 h urine calcium measurements. Laboratory measurements of the patients include the values recorded in 4-year visits and in the last visit. In addition, radiological reports of renal/abdominal ultrasound and cranial tomography examinations performed in our hospital for any reason during this period were also reviewed. RESULTS: When looking at the total measurements in the 4-year period, the Alb-sCa level was below the target in most of the measurements (68.1%). P level was higher than normal in 296 (46.2%) measurements. Twenty-four h urine ca excretion was measured 185 times in total visits, and 81 (43.7%) of these measurements showed hypercalciuric values. The patient's latest visit measurements were evaluated on 4 targets (Alb-sCa, P, Ca-P product and 24 h urine Ca excretion). The number of patients meeting all four targets was only 21 (19.6%). Six (7.5%) patients had kidney stones or nephrocalcinosis. Three (0.09%) patients with imaging had calcification in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that the management of the patients with PO-HypoPT is suboptimal with active vitamin D and cholecalciferol treatment.

Serum heart type fatty acid binding protein levels are not changed in hyperthyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Heart type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP) is a small protein and released into the circulation when myocardial damage has occurred. Previous studies have demonstrated that H-FABP is closely associated with cardiac and some endocrinologic disorders including prediabetes, metabolic syndrome, and acromegaly. Hyperthyroism is a well-known disorder associated with cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to investigate the effect of hyperthyrodism on H-FABP levels. METHODS: Forty six patients with hyperthyroidism with no known history of coronary artery disease and 40 healthy controls are involved in the study. Serum H-FABP levels are measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between serum H-FABP levels of patients with hyperthyroidism and controls (871±66 pg/mL, and 816±66 pg/mL, respectively P=0.56). There was no significant correlation between H-FABP, free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Serum H-FABP levels are not altered in patients with hyperthyroidism.