RESUMO
The fine structure of echiurid blood vessels in the proboscis is known in detail, but the circulatory system of the trunk is still understood mainly at the level of general anatomy. The trunk circulatory system was studied in Bonellia viridis females, and specialized podocytes were found to form the walls of the ring vessel and the anterior part of the ventral vessel. Podocytes were for the first time described in the echiurid circulatory system. Podocytes of B. viridis displayed a typical cell architecture, which is known for other bilaterians. A podocyte consists of a cell body; primary processes; and pedicels, which extend from the primary processes and are interconnected via specialized slit diaphragms. The presence of podocytes indicates that the ventral and ring vessels act as ultrafiltration sites, where the plasma is filtered through the basal lamina into the body cavity.
Assuntos
Podócitos , Animais , Anelídeos/fisiologia , Anelídeos/anatomia & histologia , Feminino , Sistema CardiovascularRESUMO
The study of the anatomy and fine structure of Echiura is of great importance for understanding the biology of these animals, which lead a secretive life and dominate in various benthic communities. The first data on the organization of the siphonal part of the midgut of female Bonellia viridis were obtained by the methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Unusual concentric inclusions similar in the ultrastructure to those described in other animals, e.g., in the gut of many nematode species and in the tegument of some cestodes, were first found in the cells of the midgut. It is known that, in these animals, the concentric inclusions play an important role in the binding of chemical agents inherent in redox environments. Interestingly, the individuals of B. viridis studied were found on the surface of a substrate devoid of redox environment signs. New results indicate the presence in B. viridis and, possibly, in all spoon worms, of preadaptations to life in redox environments. New data on the structure and composition of concentric inclusions will shed light on their origin and function.
Assuntos
Mucosa Intestinal/ultraestrutura , Filogenia , Poliquetos/ultraestrutura , Animais , Mucosa Intestinal/anatomia & histologia , Poliquetos/anatomia & histologiaRESUMO
AIM: To study levels of expression of Toll-like receptors genes in response to Candida albicans antigens in vitro (using Vero cell line as well as mononuclear cells) and in vivo (using cervical canal cells of pregnant women). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Test-systems for measurement of expression levels of such genes as TLR 1, TLR2, TLR6 as well as system for quantitative measurement of tumor necrosis factor a level, all of which were developed earlier, were used. RESULTS: It was shown that antigens of C. albicans stimulated early increase of expression of innate immunity genes both in studied in vitro models and in cells of cervical canal of pregnant women with candidosis. CONCLUSION: Results of performed study allow to suggest that activation of innate immunity factors resulted from Candida albicans infection.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/imunologia , Candidíase/imunologia , Colo do Útero/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Receptor 1 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/genética , Receptor 6 Toll-Like/genética , Animais , Candidíase/genética , Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunidade Inata/genética , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Regulação para Cima , Células VeroRESUMO
A high affinity of apolipoprotein A-I for DNA and synthetic oligonucleotides was found using the affinity chromatography, affinity modification, and enzyme analysis. The competitive inhibition and Southern hybridization allowed disclosing the specificity of the interaction of the tetrahydrocortisol-apolipoprotein A-I complex (THC-ApoA-I) with high molecular weight DNA in regions contained GCC/CGG-sequences. The S1 nuclease sensitivity of the duplex CC(GCC)3 x GG(CGG)3 was found to occur under the action of THC-ApoA-I complex. The role of the interaction sites of eukaryotic DNA with steroid (THC, androsterone)-ApoA-I complexes in the initiation of the copy reaction in vitro was revealed.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-I/química , DNA/química , Conformação de Ácido Nucleico , Tetra-Hidrocortisol/química , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Sítios de Ligação , Southern Blotting , Cromatografia de Afinidade , Oligonucleotídeos/química , Ratos , Endonucleases Específicas para DNA e RNA de Cadeia Simples/química , Esteroides/químicaRESUMO
The in vitro effect of tetrahydrocortisol-apolipoprotein A-I complex on native adult rat liver DNA results in the formation of S1 nuclease sensitive fragments that are irregularly distributed throughout a genome. Low-angle X-ray scattering showed that after the interaction with the tetrahydrocortisol-apolipoprotein A-I complex, DNA can bind to RNA-polymerase with a high and dose-dependent cooperativity. This indicates that the effect of tetrahydrocortisol-apolipoprotein A-I complex on secondary eukaryotic DNA structure causes a local denaturation of the double helix, promoting high cooperativity of binding to RNA-polymerase. The reduced form of the hormone, tetrahydrocortisol, previously considered as an inactive metabolite, when complexed with apolipoprotein A-I, promotes a biological function similar to that of a transcription factor.