[The biology of bacteria used to treat industrial sewage to remove heavy metals]. / Biologiia bakterii, ispol'zuemykh pri ochistke promyshlennykh stochnykh vod ot tiazhelykh metallov.

The content of heavy metals in the water bodies increases as a result of anthropogenic effects. Heavy metals exert toxical effect on hydrobionts. Involved into the trophic chain they can be the cause of grave human diseases. Microorganisms possess a capacity to accumulate heavy metals in their body, evoke the process of their enzymatic transformation into nontoxical compounds and adsorb them on the cell surface. When breeding bacterial strains for the biological treatment of sewage from the metal-working plants the authors recommend to choose the cultures from econiches containing heavy metal compounds and to establish their resistance to high concentrations of metals. This resistance correlates with high biological activity. The bacterial strains of Pseudomonas genus possessing a capacity to sulphate reduction have been selected. As a result of their activity the high-solvable toxical sulphates are restored to practically unsolvable precipitating forms. A new species Aeromonas dechromatica transforming high-toxical six-valence chromium into low-toxical three-valent ones is described. The grounds of biotechnologies of the use of the breeded cultures for treatment of industrial sewage are stated.

[Lactic bacteria in the digestive tract of poultry]. / Molochno-kislye bakterii pishchevaritel'nogo trakta domashnyikh ptits.

Lactic bacteria predominate in the microflora of the digestive tract of chicken and turkey. They are represented mainly by Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. salivarius, L. fermentum and L. buchneri. Streptococcus faecium is always isolated. L. ruminis, L. vitulinus, L. delbrueckii, L. coryniformis and L. viridescens were found in this ecological niche for the first time. S. faecium and S. faecalis prevail in the digestive tract of geese and ducks, while lactobacilli are detected in a lesser amount and are represented mainly by L. plantarum. L. salivarius cells isolated from the digestive tract of poultry are highly polymorphous. Most of the lactic acid bacteria found in the digestive tract of poultry can grow at 45-50 degrees C whatever is the species they belong to.

[Bacteria reducing chromium in nature and in effluents of industrial plants]. / Bakterii, vosstanavlivaiushchie khrom v prirode i v stokakh proizvodstvennykh predpriiatii.

Bacteria capable of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) reduction can be found in Cr6+-containing sewage and sediments of purification tanks of industrial plants. They cannot be detected in water and soil samples containing no chromium compounds. Bacteria reducing chromium belong to the genera Aeromonas, Escherichia, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter. Their activity of Cr6+ reduction correlates with the high resistance to the elevated content of this ion in the medium. The fine cell structure of these bacteria is described.

[Free mycolic acids of the cells of coryneform and Nocardia-like bacteria]. / Svobodnye mikolovye kisloty kletok nekootorykh korinepodobnykh i nokardiopodobnykh bakterii.

The composition of free mycolic acids was studied in the cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6871, B. flavum 22, B. stationis ATCC 14403, Corynebacterium divaricatum ATCC 14020 and Rhodococcus maris IMV 195. The acids are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated compounds with the total number of carbon atoms from 32 to 36 and the number of C atoms in the alpha-chain from 10 to 15.

[Taxonomic position of the lysine producer Brevibacterium flavum]. / O sistematicheskom polozhenii produtsenta lizina Brevibacterium flavum.

Brevibacterium flavum 22 and 22L producing lysine and glutamic acid should be reclassified as Corynebacterium glutamicum on the basis of their chemotaxonomic characteristics: the IV type of the cell wall, corynomycolic acids C32--C34, 57.8% of GC in DNA.